Four Tomato FLOWERING LOCUS T-Like Proteins Act Antagonistically to Regulate Floral Initiation

Frontiers in Plant Science
Kai CaoShulin Deng

Abstract

The transition from vegetative growth to floral meristems in higher plants is regulated through the integration of internal cues and environmental signals. We were interested to examine the molecular mechanism of flowering in the day-neutral plant tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) and the effect of environmental conditions on tomato flowering. Analysis of the tomato genome uncovered 13 PEBP (phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein) genes, and found six of them were FT-like genes which named as SlSP3D, SlSP6A, SlSP5G, SlSP5G1, SlSP5G2, and SlSP5G3. Six FT-like genes were analyzed to clarify their functional roles in flowering using transgenic and expression analyses. We found that SlSP5G, SlSP5G2, and SlSP5G3 proteins were floral inhibitors whereas only SlSP3D/SFT (SINGLE FLOWER TRUSS) was a floral inducer. SlSP5G was expressed at higher levels in long day (LD) conditions compared to short day (SD) conditions while SlSP5G2 and SlSP5G3 showed the opposite expression patterns. The silencing of SlSP5G by VIGS (Virus induced gene silencing) resulted in tomato plants that flowered early under LD conditions and the silencing of SlSP5G2 and SlSP5G3 led to early flowering under SD conditions. The higher expression levels of SlSP5G under...Continue Reading

References

Feb 1, 1997·Plant Physiology·K L ChildsJ E Mullet
Dec 3, 1999·Science·I KardailskyD Weigel
Dec 14, 1999·Plant Physiology·J Hughes, T Lamparter
May 12, 2000·Plant Physiology·C Lin
Nov 9, 2000·The Plant Journal : for Cell and Molecular Biology·J L WellerR E Kendrick
May 25, 2002·The Plant Journal : for Cell and Molecular Biology·Yule LiuS P Dinesh-Kumar
Oct 1, 1993·The Plant Cell·G. BernierP. Lejeune
Apr 3, 2003·Nature Reviews. Molecular Cell Biology·Marcelo J Yanovsky, Steve A Kay
Aug 28, 2003·The Plant Journal : for Cell and Molecular Biology·Jihyun MoonIlha Lee
Sep 25, 2003·Planta·Nuria Molinero-RosalesRafael Lozano
Dec 20, 2003·Plant Molecular Biology·Lea Carmel-GorenDani Zamir
Feb 14, 2004·Science·Federico ValverdeGeorge Coupland
May 17, 2005·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Yoshie HanzawaDesmond Bradley
Jun 14, 2005·Plant & Cell Physiology·Ayako YamaguchiTakashi Araki
Sep 20, 2005·Journal of Molecular Evolution·Fabien Chardon, Catherine Damerval
Apr 12, 2006·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Eliezer LifschitzYuval Eshed
Mar 21, 2007·Plant Physiology·Niclas GyllenstrandUlf Lagercrantz
Aug 19, 2007·Genes & Development·In-Cheol JangNam-Hai Chua
Jan 29, 2008·Development·Reina KomiyaKo Shimamoto
May 7, 2009·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Akiva ShalitEliezer Lifschitz
Jun 12, 2009·Journal of Visualized Experiments : JoVE·André C VelásquezGregory B Martin
Apr 25, 2012·Plant Science : an International Journal of Experimental Plant Biology·Roisin C McGarry, Brian G Ayre
Jun 5, 2012·Nature·UNKNOWN Tomato Genome Consortium
Aug 15, 2012·The Plant Journal : for Cell and Molecular Biology·Lena HarigGundula A Noll
Oct 22, 2013·Trends in Plant Science·José A AbelendaSalomé Prat

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Apr 4, 2017·Journal of Experimental Botany·Charlotte VoogdErika Varkonyi-Gasic
Jun 27, 2020·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Aaron J OgdenWayne R Curtis
Oct 16, 2018·Frontiers in Plant Science·Carmen Martín-Pizarro, David Posé
Jun 9, 2020·Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology·Suhyun JinJi Hoon Ahn
Mar 30, 2021·Frontiers in Plant Science·Gloria Serrano-BuenoFederico Valverde

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Methods Mentioned

BETA
transgenic
PCR

Software Mentioned

BLAST
TreeView
ClustalX
ClustalW

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.