FOXO3 Is Expressed in Ovarian Tissues and Acts as an Apoptosis Initiator in Granulosa Cells of Chickens
Abstract
FOXO3, which encodes the transcription factor forkhead box O-3 (FoxO3), is a member of the FOXO subfamily of the forkhead box (FOX) family. FOXO3 can be negatively regulated by its phosphorylation by the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and ultimately drives apoptosis when activated. In mammalian ovaries, the FOXO3 protein regulates atresia and follicle growth by promoting apoptosis of ovarian granulosa cells. Nonetheless, the specific effects of the FOXO3 protein on granulosa apoptosis of avian ovaries have not been elucidated. Therefore, we studied FOXO3 expression in follicles with different organization and at all hierarchical levels of chicken follicles. Via an immunofluorescence assay, the chicken follicular theca at all hierarchical levels were found to be strongly stained with an anti-FOXO3 antibody. In chicken primary ovarian granulosa cells, mRNA levels of proapoptotic factors BNIP3 and BCL2L11 decreased in the absence of FOXO3, and so did PARP-1 and cleaved caspase 3 protein levels. After treatment with a recombinant FOXO3 protein, PARP-1 and caspase 3 protein levels increased, along with mRNA levels of Bnip3 and BCL2L11 (significantly, p<0.05). In addition, FOXO3 was downregulated in chicken granulosa cells when different...Continue Reading
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Recent patents of TGF-beta family and VEGF associated with ovarian follicular development in mammals
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Apoptosis
Apoptosis is a specific process that leads to programmed cell death through the activation of an evolutionary conserved intracellular pathway leading to pathognomic cellular changes distinct from cellular necrosis