Fractal frontiers in cardiovascular magnetic resonance: towards clinical implementation

Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance : Official Journal of the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance
Gabriella CapturJames C Moon

Abstract

Many of the structures and parameters that are detected, measured and reported in cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) have at least some properties that are fractal, meaning complex and self-similar at different scales. To date however, there has been little use of fractal geometry in CMR; by comparison, many more applications of fractal analysis have been published in MR imaging of the brain.This review explains the fundamental principles of fractal geometry, places the fractal dimension into a meaningful context within the realms of Euclidean and topological space, and defines its role in digital image processing. It summarises the basic mathematics, highlights strengths and potential limitations of its application to biomedical imaging, shows key current examples and suggests a simple route for its successful clinical implementation by the CMR community.By simplifying some of the more abstract concepts of deterministic fractals, this review invites CMR scientists (clinicians, technologists, physicists) to experiment with fractal analysis as a means of developing the next generation of intelligent quantitative cardiac imaging tools.

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Citations

Dec 30, 2017·Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance : Official Journal of the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance·Warren J Manning
Apr 23, 2019·Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics·Konradin MetzeJoão Batista Florindo
Jun 22, 2016·Scientific Reports·Gabriella CapturJames C Moon
Aug 9, 2018·Frontiers in Physiology·Juan P UgarteJ A Tenreiro Machado
Nov 17, 2016·Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance : Official Journal of the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance·D J PennellD N Firmin
Dec 15, 2020·Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance : Official Journal of the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance·Nadine Kawel-BoehmDavid A Bluemke
Jul 9, 2021·Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance : Official Journal of the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance·Sylvia KrupickovaPiers E F Daubeney

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
biopsy

Software Mentioned

Fraclac
Image Pro Plus
FDSURFFT
MATLAB
Java
Insight Toolkit [ ITK ]
ImageJ
OsiriX

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