Frameshifting in alphaviruses: a diversity of 3' stimulatory structures

Journal of Molecular Biology
Betty Y-W ChungJohn F Atkins

Abstract

Programmed ribosomal frameshifting allows the synthesis of alternative, N-terminally coincident, C-terminally distinct proteins from the same RNA. Many viruses utilize frameshifting to optimize the coding potential of compact genomes, to circumvent the host cell's canonical rule of one functional protein per mRNA, or to express alternative proteins in a fixed ratio. Programmed frameshifting is also used in the decoding of a small number of cellular genes. Recently, specific ribosomal -1 frameshifting was discovered at a conserved U_UUU_UUA motif within the sequence encoding the alphavirus 6K protein. In this case, frameshifting results in the synthesis of an additional protein, termed TF (TransFrame). This new case of frameshifting is unusual in that the -1 frame ORF is very short and completely embedded within the sequence encoding the overlapping polyprotein. The present work shows that there is remarkable diversity in the 3' sequences that are functionally important for efficient frameshifting at the U_UUU_UUA motif. While many alphavirus species utilize a 3' RNA structure such as a hairpin or pseudoknot, some species (such as Semliki Forest virus) apparently lack any intra-mRNA stimulatory structure, yet just 20 nt 3'-adjac...Continue Reading

References

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Citations

Aug 29, 2012·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Dongli Pan, Donald M Coen
Oct 9, 2012·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Ying FangAndrew E Firth
Oct 26, 2011·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Gary LoughranJohn F Atkins
Jul 30, 2015·The Journal of General Virology·Jonathan C RuppRichard W Hardy
Mar 22, 2013·The Journal of General Virology·Suzanne U EmersonAndrew E Firth
Aug 12, 2015·Nature Reviews. Genetics·Pavel V BaranovMartina M Yordanova
Oct 20, 2010·FEMS Yeast Research·Laure BidouOlivier Namy
Aug 24, 2013·The Journal of Physical Chemistry. a·Markus J LeitlHartmut Yersin
Aug 19, 2017·Viruses·Jolene Ramsey, Suchetana Mukhopadhyay
Feb 9, 2018·Viruses·Luis CarrascoEsther González-Almela
Feb 13, 2016·Journal of Virology·Adam TaylorSuresh Mahalingam
Sep 23, 2018·The Journal of Biological Chemistry·Joseph A KendraJonathan D Dinman
Jun 27, 2015·EMBO Reports·Allan OlspertAndrew E Firth
Mar 15, 2020·The Journal of Biological Chemistry·Haley R HarringtonJonathan Patrick Schlebach
Jul 1, 2020·Annual Review of Virology·Wesley D PennSuchetana Mukhopadhyay
Jan 23, 2018·Frontiers in Microbiology·Chun Shen Lim, Chris M Brown
Mar 11, 2019·Virology·Jolene RamseySuchetana Mukhopadhyay
Jul 3, 2021·Pathogens·Autumn T LaPointe, Kevin J Sokoloski

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