Free, complexed and total serum prostate specific antigen: the establishment of appropriate reference ranges for their concentrations and ratios

The Journal of Urology
J E OesterlingH Lilja

Abstract

Prostate specific antigen (PSA) exists in the serum in several molecular forms that can be measured by immunodetectable assays: free PSA, PSA complexed to alpha 1-antichymotrypsin (complexed PSA) and total PSA, which represents the sum of the free and complexed forms. We determined the normal distribution of values and established the appropriate reference ranges for these 3 molecular forms of PSA and their ratios (free-to-total, complexed-to-total and free-to-complexed PSA). Knowing the amount and ratio of these molecular forms appears to be useful in enhancing the ability of PSA to distinguish potentially curable prostate cancer from benign prostatic hyperplasia and in decreasing the number of unnecessary prostate biopsies. A total of 422 healthy men 40 to 79 years old was randomly chosen from the male population of Olmsted County, Minnesota and underwent a detailed clinical examination that included digital rectal examination, serum PSA determination and transrectal ultrasound to exclude the presence of prostate cancer. Using newly developed, monoclonal-monoclonal immunofluorometric assays for each molecular form, the free, complexed and total PSA, and the ratios of these 3 forms were determined for each study participant. A...Continue Reading

References

Apr 22, 1992·JAMA : the Journal of the American Medical Association·H B CarterP C Walsh
Apr 22, 1992·JAMA : the Journal of the American Medical Association·J E Oesterling
Oct 1, 1989·The Journal of Urology·M A HudsonW J Catalona
Dec 1, 1994·International Journal of Epidemiology·L A PanserS J Jacobsen
Jul 1, 1993·The Journal of Urology·C G ChuteM M Lieber
Aug 18, 1993·JAMA : the Journal of the American Medical Association·J E OesterlingM M Lieber
Jan 1, 1994·European Journal of Cancer : Official Journal for European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) [and] European Association for Cancer Research (EACR)·T TaubeI Elomaa
Sep 1, 1994·Cancer·C J Mettlin, G Murphy

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Jul 29, 1996·International Journal of Cancer. Journal International Du Cancer·C StephanS A Loening
Jan 8, 1998·International Journal of Cancer. Journal International Du Cancer·A MeyerS A Loening
Mar 29, 2002·Cancer·Takashi SaikaUNKNOWN Okayama Urological Cancer Collaborating Group
Jun 27, 2002·Current Urology Reports·M HanA W Partin
Jan 3, 1997·Clinica Chimica Acta; International Journal of Clinical Chemistry·C Becker, H Lilja
Nov 14, 1997·Clinica Chimica Acta; International Journal of Clinical Chemistry·G CastaldoF Salvatore
Apr 27, 1999·Clinica Chimica Acta; International Journal of Clinical Chemistry·K MatsumotoT Samori
Oct 23, 1997·The Journal of Urology·P B WilliamsO Sartor
Nov 20, 2003·Urology·Andreas P BergerWolfgang Horninger
Feb 15, 2001·International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics·A K LeeA V D'Amico

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.