Frequent gene conversion events between the X and Y homologous chromosomal regions in primates.

BMC Evolutionary Biology
Mineyo IwaseNaoyuki Takahata

Abstract

Mammalian sex-chromosomes originated from a pair of autosomes. A step-wise cessation of recombination is necessary for the proper maintenance of sex-determination and, consequently, generates a four strata structure on the X chromosome. Each stratum shows a specific per-site nucleotide sequence difference (p-distance) between the X and Y chromosomes, depending on the time of recombination arrest. Stratum 4 covers the distal half of the human X chromosome short arm and the p-distance of the stratum is approximately 10%, on average. However, a 100-kb region, which includes KALX and VCX, in the middle of stratum 4 shows a significantly lower p-distance (1-5%), suggesting frequent sequence exchanges or gene conversions between the X and Y chromosomes in humans. To examine the evolutionary mechanism for this low p-distance region, sequences of a corresponding region including KALX/Y from seven species of non-human primates were analyzed. Phylogenetic analysis of this low p-distance region in humans and non-human primate species revealed that gene conversion like events have taken place at least ten times after the divergence of New World monkeys and Catarrhini (i.e., Old World monkeys and hominoids). A KALY-converted KALX allele in ...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jun 28, 2016·Scientific Reports·Beniamino TrombettaFulvio Cruciani
Dec 3, 2016·Briefings in Functional Genomics·Fernando de CastroUNKNOWN Group of HGNC consultants for KAL1 nomenclature
Feb 16, 2019·Journal of Mathematical Biology·Damir Hasić, Eric Tannier
May 19, 2017·Frontiers in Genetics·Beniamino TrombettaFulvio Cruciani

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Datasets Mentioned

BETA
AB233497
AB233526

Methods Mentioned

BETA
genetic exchange
PCR

Software Mentioned

Repeat masker
GeneJumper
DOTTER
CLUSTALW
MEGA4
IPLab
NCBI Map Viewer

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