From ethnography to the EAST method: a tractable approach for representing distributed cognition in Air Traffic Control

Ergonomics
Guy H WalkerDaniel Jenkins

Abstract

Command and control is a generic activity involving the exercise of authority over assigned resources, combined with planning, coordinating and controlling how those resources are used. The challenge for understanding this type of activity is that it is not often amenable to the conventional experimental/methodological approach. Command and control tends to be multi-faceted (so requires more than one method), is made up of interacting socio and technical elements (so requires a systemic approach) and exhibits aggregate behaviours that emerge from these interactions (so requires methods that go beyond reductionism). In these circumstances a distributed cognition approach is highly appropriate yet the existing ethnographic methods make it difficult to apply and, for non-specialist audiences, sometimes difficult to meaningfully interpret. The Event Analysis for Systemic Teamwork method is put forward as a means of working from a distributed cognition perspective but in a way that goes beyond ethnography. A worked example from Air Traffic Control is used to illustrate how the language of social science can be translated into the language of systems analysis. Statement of Relevance: Distributed cognition provides a highly appropriat...Continue Reading

References

Nov 4, 2000·Applied Ergonomics·C W Clegg
Sep 30, 2006·Ergonomics·Robert J HoughtonGuy Walker
Sep 30, 2006·Ergonomics·Jamie C GormanJennifer L Winner

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Citations

Jan 23, 2016·Ergonomics·Paul M SalmonNeville A Stanton
Jul 5, 2015·Applied Ergonomics·Victoria A Banks, Neville A Stanton
Oct 30, 2016·Ergonomics·Katherine L Plant, Neville A Stanton
Feb 14, 2015·Ergonomics·Susanne BarthMartin Schmettow
Jun 20, 2020·Human Factors·Matt HolmanNeville Stanton
Aug 20, 2019·Applied Ergonomics·Aaron P J RobertsKiome A Pope

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Software Mentioned

Event Analysis for Systemic Teamwork ( EAST )
EAST
CWA

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