From pre- to postweaning: Transformation of the young calf's gastrointestinal tract

Journal of Dairy Science
S J MealeM A Steele

Abstract

The ruminant gastrointestinal tract (GIT) faces the challenge of protecting the host from luminal contents and pathogens, while supporting the absorption and metabolism of nutrients for growth and maintenance. The GIT of the calf in early life undergoes some of the most rapid microbial and structural changes documented in nature, and these adaptations in GIT function make the young calf susceptible to GIT diseases and disorders. Despite these challenges, the calf's GIT has a certain degree of plasticity and can sense nutrient supply and respond to bioactive ingredients. Calf GIT research has historically focused on the transition during weaning and characterizing ruminal papillae development using microscopy and digesta metabolite responses. Through the use of new molecular-based approaches, we have recently shown that delaying the age of weaning and providing a step-down weaning protocol is associated with a more gradual shift in ruminal microbiota to a postweaned state. In addition to ruminal adaptations during weaning, nutrient flow to the lower gut changes dramatically during weaning, coinciding with a wide array of structural and microbiological changes. Structural and gene expression changes suggest that the lower gut of ...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jul 10, 2020·PloS One·Aloma Eiterer LeãoDaniele Ribeiro de Lima Reis
Apr 8, 2020·Royal Society Open Science·Heather W NeaveMarina A G von Keyserlingk
Oct 22, 2020·Animals : an Open Access Journal From MDPI·Maria Devant, Sonia Marti
Sep 26, 2020·Preventive Veterinary Medicine·John I AlawnehTimothy W J Olchowy
Aug 21, 2019·Physiology & Behavior·Narjis KraimiChristine Leterrier
Jun 17, 2021·Animal Health Research Reviews·Gercino Ferreira Virgínio Júnior, Carla Maris Machado Bittar
Aug 15, 2021·Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins·Sofía Fernández-CigandaPablo Zunino

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