From the Outside-In: The Francisella tularensis Envelope and Virulence

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology
Hannah M Rowe, Jason F Huntley

Abstract

Francisella tularensis is a highly-infectious bacterium that causes the rapid, and often lethal disease, tularemia. Many studies have been performed to identify and characterize the virulence factors that F. tularensis uses to infect a wide variety of hosts and host cell types, evade immune defenses, and induce severe disease and death. This review focuses on the virulence factors that are present in the F. tularensis envelope, including capsule, LPS, outer membrane, periplasm, inner membrane, secretion systems, and various molecules in each of aforementioned sub-compartments. Whereas, no single bacterial molecule or molecular complex single-handedly controls F. tularensis virulence, we review here how diverse bacterial systems work in conjunction to subvert the immune system, attach to and invade host cells, alter phagosome/lysosome maturation pathways, replicate in host cells without being detected, inhibit apoptosis, and induce host cell death for bacterial release and infection of adjacent cells. Given that the F. tularensis envelope is the outermost layer of the bacterium, we highlight herein how many of these molecules directly interact with the host to promote infection and disease. These and future envelope studies are ...Continue Reading

References

Aug 1, 1977·The Journal of Hygiene·A M Hood
Oct 1, 1992·FEMS Microbiology Immunology·G SandströmJ C Williams
May 3, 1996·The Journal of Biological Chemistry·T J ReillyM S Kuhlenschmidt
Mar 1, 1996·FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology·V M SorokinL A Prozorova
Jun 21, 2001·JAMA : the Journal of the American Medical Association·D T DennisUNKNOWN Working Group on Civilian Biodefense
Oct 5, 2002·Clinical Microbiology Reviews·Jill EllisRichard W Titball
Dec 11, 2002·European Journal of Biochemistry·Evgeny VinogradovJ Wayne Conlan
May 1, 1951·Journal of Bacteriology·H T EIGELSBACHR D HERRING
Apr 22, 2004·Nature Reviews. Microbiology·Lisa CraigJohn A Tainer
Apr 23, 2004·Infection and Immunity·Horacio GilDavid G Thanassi
Jun 9, 2004·Carbohydrate Research·Evgeny Vinogradov, Malcolm B Perry
Aug 24, 2004·Infection and Immunity·Nancy J PhillipsBradford W Gibson
Nov 20, 2004·Nature Reviews. Microbiology·Petra C F OystonRichard W Titball
Dec 21, 2004·Nature Reviews. Microbiology·Samuel I MillerMartin W Bader
Jan 11, 2005·Nature Genetics·Pär LarssonRichard W Titball
Oct 22, 2005·Microbes and Infection·Anders Sjöstedt
Jun 8, 2006·Annual Review of Biochemistry·Chris Whitfield
Jun 29, 2006·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Marcie B ClarkeVanessa Sperandio
Jul 18, 2006·Nature Reviews. Microbiology·Laura J V Piddock
Aug 16, 2006·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Horacio GilDavid G Thanassi
Sep 22, 2006·Molecular Microbiology·Anthony J HagerTina Guina
Oct 25, 2006·Infection and Immunity·Nrusingh P MohapatraJohn S Gunn
Nov 23, 2006·Journal of Bacteriology·Jason F HuntleyMichael V Norgard

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Jul 28, 2016·Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology·Javier Pizarro-CerdáPascale Cossart
Jan 7, 2017·Virulence·Petra Spidlova, Jiri Stulik
Sep 21, 2016·Scientific Reports·Jonathan G GerhartRahul Raghavan
Feb 1, 2018·Genome Biology and Evolution·Jonathan G GerhartRahul Raghavan
May 26, 2017·Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology·Deanna M SchmittJoseph Horzempa
Oct 11, 2017·Acta Crystallographica. Section D, Structural Biology·Subramania KolappanLisa Craig
Mar 17, 2018·FEMS Microbiology Reviews·Francesca MicoliRoberto Adamo
May 26, 2018·MicrobiologyOpen·Shaohua HuMingxi Wang
Jul 21, 2017·Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology·Valentina MarecicMarina Santic
Aug 28, 2019·International Journal of Medical Microbiology : IJMM·Kristin KöppenKlaus Heuner

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Methods Mentioned

BETA
NMR
glycosylation
density gradient centrifugation
lipidation

Related Concepts

Related Feeds

Apoptosis

Apoptosis is a specific process that leads to programmed cell death through the activation of an evolutionary conserved intracellular pathway leading to pathognomic cellular changes distinct from cellular necrosis