Frost tolerance and ice formation in Pinus radiata needles: ice management by the endodermis and transfusion tissues

Functional Plant Biology : FPB
John S RodenMarilyn C Ball

Abstract

Conifers are among the most frost tolerant tree species. Cryo-scanning electron microscopy (cryo-SEM) was used to visualise ice formation in pine needles to better understand how conifer leaves manage extracellular ice. Acclimated and unacclimated needles of Pinus radiata (D.Don) were subjected to freezing treatments (at a rate of 2°C h-1), tested for electrolyte leakage and sampled for cryo-SEM analysis. Half maximal electrolyte leakage occurred at -4 and -12°C for unacclimated and acclimated needles, respectively. Ice nucleation occurred at similar temperatures (-3°C) in both acclimated and unacclimated pine needles, indicating that frost tolerance did not increase supercooling. During freezing and thawing, the tissues outside and inside the endodermis shrank and swelled independently, with little or no transfer of water between the two regions. During freezing, mesophyll cells shrank, exhibiting cytorrhysis, and extracellular ice accumulated in gas spaces of the mesophyll tissue. Mesophyll cells from acclimated needles recovered their structure after thawing, and unacclimated mesophyll showed significant damage. In the vascular cylinder, ice accumulated in transfusion tracheids which expanded to occupy areas made vacant by s...Continue Reading

References

Mar 12, 2004·Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology·Michael F. Thomashow
Apr 5, 2005·Plant Physiology·Marilyn GriffithAlejandro G Marangoni
Sep 23, 2006·Journal of Experimental Botany·Marjorie Reyes-DíazLeón A Bravo
Nov 4, 2006·Plant, Cell & Environment·Beth R LoveysMarilyn C Ball
Jan 25, 2007·The New Phytologist·S A StuartM C Ball
Nov 1, 2002·Functional Plant Biology : FPB·Marilyn C BallDale Hughes
Feb 1, 2004·Functional Plant Biology : FPB·Marilyn C BallRoger D Heady

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Citations

Aug 1, 2012·Neural Computation·Valero LaparraJesús Malo
Jun 8, 2010·Plant, Cell & Environment·Thomas LennéMarilyn C Ball
Nov 26, 2010·Protoplasma·Johannes LiescheAlexander Schulz
Apr 16, 2015·Journal of Experimental Botany·Rafael A CañasFrancisco M Cánovas
Nov 12, 2020·Plant, Cell & Environment·Margaret M BarbourGraham D Farquhar

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