Fulminant Guillain-Barré syndrome with universal inexcitability of peripheral nerves: a clinicopathological study

Muscle & Nerve
J BercianoM T Berciano

Abstract

The pathological basis of nerve inexcitability in Guillain-Barré syndrome has not been established with certainty. We report the clinicopathological findings in a 67-year-old patient with fulminant Guillain-Barré syndrome who died 18 days after onset. Three serial electrophysiological studies revealed nerve inexcitability. Antibodies to Campylobacter jejuni were present but there was no antiganglioside reactivity. Spinal root sections revealed extensive and almost pure macrophage-associated demyelination with occasional presence of T lymphocytes and neutrophil leukocytes. Conversely, in femoral, median, and sural nerves the outstanding lesion was axonal degeneration, with some denuded axons remaining. Unmyelinated fibers, posterior root ganglia, and dorsal columns were preserved. Endoneurial postcapillary venules showed plump endothelial cells with loss of their tight junctions. We conclude that both primary demyelination and axonal degeneration secondary to inflammation account for nerve inexcitability. Our findings lend support to the hypothesis of increased endoneurial pressure as the cause of wallerian degeneration in nerve trunks.

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Citations

Sep 24, 1998·Lancet·A F Hahn
Mar 4, 2014·Medicina clínica·M Isabel Ostabal Artigas
Sep 25, 2004·Muscle & Nerve·Yusuf A RajaballyRichard J Abbott
Sep 18, 2015·Neurologia i neurochirurgia polska·Yongfeng Xu, Lan Liu
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