Functional activity of HERV-K-T47D-related long terminal repeats

Virology
C BaustC Leib-Mösch

Abstract

The human genome contains a family of endogenous retroviruses, HERV-K(HML-4), that comprises the full-length provirus HERV-K-T47D, five related elements, and hundreds of solitary long terminal repeats (LTRs). We here show that HERV-K-T47D-related LTRs are dispersed over all human chromosomes and have arisen after the divergence of Old and New World monkeys. By screening a cDNA library derived from the human mammary carcinoma cell line T47D with a HERV-K-T47D LTR probe, we isolated several clones containing LTR/cellular gene chimeras and assessed the transcriptional activity of these LTRs in transient transfection experiments. All LTRs were able to drive the expression of a reporter gene, thereby displaying distinct activities in different cell lines. We found that sequences located downstream of the LTR-U3 region modulate the level of gene expression. Based on the impact of the R region we distinguished between three different LTR types; the activity of type I LTRs was enhanced in the presence of the LTR-R region in all cell lines tested, whereas a type II LTR was downregulated. Type III LTRs are characterized by lacking or having a varying influence of the R region that was dependent on the cell line used. Finally, our results...Continue Reading

References

Jun 1, 1992·Trends in Genetics : TIG·R Craigie
Sep 1, 1986·Journal of Virology·P E SteeleS J O'Brien
Aug 1, 1987·Molecular and Cellular Biology·C Chen, H Okayama
Jun 30, 1994·Journal of Biotechnology·E Wingender
Jul 1, 1993·Chromosome Research : an International Journal on the Molecular, Supramolecular and Evolutionary Aspects of Chromosome Biology·R M ZirbelP Lichter
Nov 1, 1993·Genomics·C Leib-MöschR Hehlmann
Jan 11, 1993·Nucleic Acids Research·A E Feuchter-MurthyD L Mager
May 15, 1993·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·R LöwerR Kurth
May 1, 1996·Journal of Virology·Y KitamuraK Yoshiike
May 28, 1996·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·R LöwerR Kurth
Jan 1, 1995·Virus Genes·C Leib-Mösch, W Seifarth
Sep 15, 1996·European Journal of Biochemistry·S M Kingsman, A J Kingsman
Dec 10, 1996·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·A M SchulteA Wellstein
Feb 6, 1999·The Journal of General Virology·M L AnderssonJ Blomberg
Nov 26, 1999·Gene·G Suske

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.