Functional analysis of the biceps femoris muscle during locomotor behavior in some primates

American Journal of Physical Anthropology
Hiroo Kumakura

Abstract

In order to investigate a correlation between morphological variations of the biceps femoris muscle and its homologues in four primate species (Japanese macaque, spider monkey, white-handed gibbon, and chimpanzee) and each type of species-specific locomotor behavior, I carried out both morphological and functional analyses of these muscles. The description of the level of insertion reveals interspecific variation is in the level of crural attachment, especially in species with a bicipital biceps femoris muscle. Electromyograms (EMGs) were induced from both the long and short head of the biceps femoris muscle during four kinds of locomotor behavior (horizontal quadrupedal walking, climbing on an inclined pole, vertical climbing, and bipedal walking). In the case of the monoceptual ischiocruralis lateralis muscle of the Japanese macaque, EMGs were induced from both the one-joint femoral part and the two-joint crural part. Though during horizontal quadrupedal locomotion the crural part of the monocipital-type muscle functioned to maintain the knee joint angle, it functioned to gain propulsive force when the kinematic load became larger, as in vertical climbing and bipedal walking. On the other hand, the long heads of the biceps fe...Continue Reading

References

Nov 1, 1967·American Journal of Physical Anthropology·J R Napier
Nov 21, 1969·Science·R H Tuttle
Jan 1, 1967·Folia primatologica; international journal of primatology·J R Napier, A C Walker
Feb 1, 1980·American Journal of Physical Anthropology·J H Prost
Jan 1, 1950·Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology·S L WASHBURN

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Citations

Sep 24, 2004·American Journal of Physical Anthropology·Karin Isler
Oct 7, 2011·Journal of Neural Engineering·H R MaratebR Merletti
Mar 27, 2018·American Journal of Physical Anthropology·Susan G Larson
Apr 4, 2018·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Elaine E KozmaHerman Pontzer
May 23, 2019·Journal of Neurophysiology·Yasuo HigurashiMasahiko Inase
Sep 6, 2013·The Journal of Experimental Biology·Matthew C O'NeillBrian R Umberger

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