Functional anatomy of the extraocular muscles during vergence.

Progress in Brain Research
Joseph L DemerShaheen Karim

Abstract

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) now enables precise visualisation of the mechanical state of the living human orbit, enabling inferences about the effects of mechanical factors on ocular kinematics. We used 3-dimensional (3D) magnetic search coil recordings and MRI to investigate the mechanical state of the orbit during vergence in humans. Horizontal convergence of 23 degrees from a remote to a near target aligned on one eye was geometrically ideal, and was associated with lens thickening and extorsion of the rectus pulley array of the aligned eye with superior oblique muscle relaxation and inferior oblique muscle contraction. There was no rectus muscle co-contraction. Subjective fusion through a 1 degree vertical prism caused a clockwise (CW) torsion in both eyes, as well as variable vertical and horizontal vergences that seldom corresponded to prism amount or direction. MRI under these conditions did not show consistent torsion of the rectus pulley array, but a complex pattern of changes in rectus extraocular muscle (EOM) crossections, consistent with co-contraction. Binocular fusion during vergence is accomplished by complex, 3D eye rotations seldom achieving binocular retinal correspondence. Vergence eye movements are some...Continue Reading

References

Nov 1, 1992·Vision Research·D MokT Vilis
Jan 1, 1992·The Journal of Physiology·J T Enright
Oct 1, 1986·Shinrigaku kenkyu : The Japanese journal of psychology·S Nakamizo, M Kondo
Jan 1, 1982·IEEE Transactions on Bio-medical Engineering·A L Perlmutter, A E Kertesz
Jan 1, 1994·Experimental Brain Research·A W Minken, J A Van Gisbergen
Sep 1, 1994·Vision Research·L J Van Rijn, H Collewijn
Mar 1, 1993·Vision Research·L J Van Rijn, A V Van den Berg
Apr 1, 1997·Vision Research·P Bruno, A V van den Berg
Jun 13, 1998·Vision Research·R A SomaniT Vilis
Apr 11, 2003·Journal of Neurophysiology·Joseph L DemerWeldon Wright
May 2, 2003·Journal of Vision·Joel M MillerEthan A Rossi
Aug 27, 2003·Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science·Joseph L DemerVadims Poukens
Feb 27, 2004·Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science·Joseph L Demer
Jul 22, 2005·Journal of Neurophysiology·Joseph L Demer, Robert A Clark
Jul 26, 2005·Neuron·Fatema F Ghasia, Dora E Angelaki
Jul 27, 2005·Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science·Reika KonoJoseph L Demer
Jul 27, 2005·Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science·Benjamin T CraneJoseph L Demer
Dec 31, 2005·Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science·Robert A Clark, Joseph L Demer
Jan 18, 2006·Current Opinion in Neurology·Joseph L Demer
Mar 10, 2006·The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience·Eliana M KlierDora E Angelaki
Mar 31, 2007·Nature Neuroscience·Xiaolan WangMichael E Goldberg
May 26, 2007·Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science·Xiaoyan ShanDavid S Zee
Jan 13, 2015·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Oct 14, 2014·Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience·Emmanuel Bui Quoc, Chantal Milleret
May 21, 2016·Frontiers in Neurology·Eric MatheronZoï Kapoula
Sep 20, 2018·Journal of Neurophysiology·Joseph L Demer, Robert A Clark
Jul 6, 2020·Journal of Vestibular Research : Equilibrium & Orientation·Sendhil Govender, James G Colebatch

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Related Feeds

Antifungals

An antifungal, also known as an antimycotic medication, is a pharmaceutical fungicide or fungistatic used to treat and prevent mycosis such as athlete's foot, ringworm, candidiasis, cryptococcal meningitis, and others. Discover the latest research on antifungals here.

Cajal Bodies & Gems

Cajal bodies or coiled bodies are dense foci of coilin protein. Gemini of Cajal bodies, or gems, are microscopically similar to Cajal bodies. It is believed that Cajal bodies play important roles in RNA processing while gems assist the Cajal bodies. Find the latest research on Cajal bodies and gems here.

Antifungals (ASM)

An antifungal, also known as an antimycotic medication, is a pharmaceutical fungicide or fungistatic used to treat and prevent mycosis such as athlete's foot, ringworm, candidiasis, cryptococcal meningitis, and others. Discover the latest research on antifungals here.