Functional Gut Microbiota Remodeling Contributes to the Caloric Restriction-Induced Metabolic Improvements

Cell Metabolism
Salvatore FabbianoMirko Trajkovski

Abstract

Caloric restriction (CR) stimulates development of functional beige fat and extends healthy lifespan. Here we show that compositional and functional changes in the gut microbiota contribute to a number of CR-induced metabolic improvements and promote fat browning. Mechanistically, these effects are linked to a lower expression of the key bacterial enzymes necessary for the lipid A biosynthesis, a critical lipopolysaccharide (LPS) building component. The decreased LPS dictates the tone of the innate immune response during CR, leading to increased eosinophil infiltration and anti-inflammatory macrophage polarization in fat of the CR animals. Genetic and pharmacological suppression of the LPS-TLR4 pathway or transplantation with Tlr4-/- bone-marrow-derived hematopoietic cells increases beige fat development and ameliorates diet-induced fatty liver, while Tlr4-/- or microbiota-depleted mice are resistant to further CR-stimulated metabolic alterations. These data reveal signals critical for our understanding of the microbiota-fat signaling axis during CR and provide potential new anti-obesity therapeutics.

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Datasets Mentioned

BETA
PRJNA480387

Methods Mentioned

BETA
16S
flow cytometry
biopsies
ELISA
Assay
PCR
electrophoresis
biopsy

Software Mentioned

- FOCUS
bcl2fastq
HiSeq Control
DIAMOND
DECONSEQ
Illumina
Metamorph
CASAVA
Usearch61
UPARSE

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