Functional Immune Cell Differences Associated With Low Vaccine Responses in Infants

The Journal of Infectious Diseases
Michael E PichicheroTim R Mosmann

Abstract

We sought to understand why some children respond poorly to vaccinations in the first year of life. A total of 499 children (6-36 months old) provided serum and peripheral blood mononuclear cell samples after their primary and booster vaccination. Vaccine antigen-specific antibody levels were analyzed with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and frequency of memory B cells, functional T-cell responses, and antigen-presenting cell responses were assessed in peripheral blood mononuclear cell samples with flow cytometric analysis. Eleven percent of children were low vaccine responders, defined a priori as those with subprotective immunoglobulin G antibody levels to ≥66% of vaccines tested. Low vaccine responders generated fewer memory B cells, had reduced activation by CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells on polyclonal stimulation, and displayed lower major histocompatibility complex II expression by antigen-presenting cells. We conclude that subprotective vaccine responses in infants are associated with a distinct immunologic profile.

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Citations

Oct 27, 2016·Vaccine·Naveen SurendranMichael Pichichero
Nov 14, 2017·Expert Review of Vaccines·Michael E Pichichero
Apr 4, 2019·Frontiers in Physiology·Hooman SedghamizGordon Broderick
Jul 3, 2019·Vaccine·Anthony AlmudevarMichael Pichichero
Jan 31, 2021·International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology·Lei XuMichael E Pichichero
Mar 25, 2020·The Journal of Infection·Michael E Pichichero
Oct 12, 2021·The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition·Emily A CallahanJohn C Wallingford

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