PMID: 22567827May 10, 2012Paper

Functional magnetic resonanse imaging and neuroscience

Uspekhi fiziologicheskikh nauk
M B ShtarkA A Savelov

Abstract

This review describes functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), the intravital noninvasive dynamic study of the active zones of cerebral structures at the time of their activity, fMR is based on the difference in magnetic properties of oxyhemoglobin--the oxygen carrier, and deoxyhemoglobin--a product produced in the areas of oxygen consumption, the brain parenchyma. This ratio is reflected as the physical phenomenon BOLD (blood oxygenation level dependent) that is a marker of neuronal activity. fMRI has good spatial resolution and the possibility of multiple repetitions of the research. This allows the 3D reconstruction of the sequence of formation and intracerebral "geometry" (stereometry) of newly formed neural ensembles (NE) and/or realization of potentially pre-existing NE. fMRI is an optimal tool for neuronal activity mapping, or more accurate, for functional state of the NE in the reconstruction of neural networks; it should be regarded as the technology for studying the brain of humans and animals, both in terms of natural life activity, and in pathological conditions.

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.