Functional neuronal anisotropy assessed with neuronavigated transcranial magnetic stimulation
Abstract
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) can evaluate cortical excitability and integrity of motor pathways via TMS-induced responses. The responses are affected by the orientation of the stimulated neurons with respect to the direction of the TMS-induced electric field. Therefore, besides being a functional imaging tool, TMS may potentially assess the local structural properties. Yet, TMS has not been used for this purpose. A novel principle to evaluate the relation between function and structure of the motor cortex is presented. This functional anisotropy is evaluated by an anisotropy index (AI), based on motor evoked potential amplitudes induced with different TMS coil orientations, i.e. different electric field directions at a cortical target. To compare the AI with anatomical anisotropy in an explorative manner, diffusion tensor imaging-derived fractional anisotropy (FA) was estimated at different depths near the stimulation site. AI correlated inversely with cortical excitability through the TMS-induced electric field at motor threshold level. Further, there was a trend of negative correlation between AI and FA. None of the existing methods alone can detect the relationship between direct motor cortex activation and local ...Continue Reading
References
Instrumentation for the measurement of electric brain responses to transcranial magnetic stimulation
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