Functional Recovery in Autoimmune Encephalitis: A Prospective Observational Study.

Frontiers in Immunology
Thomas Seifert-HeldRomana Höftberger

Abstract

Prospective observations of functional recovery are lacking in patients with autoimmune encephalitis defined by antibodies against synaptic proteins and neuronal cell surface receptors. Adult patients with a diagnosis of autoimmune encephalitis were included into a prospective registry. At 3, 6 and 12 months of follow-up, the patients' modified Rankin Scale (mRS) was obtained. Patients were stratified into three groups according to their antibody (Ab) status: anti-NMDAR-Ab (n=12; group I), anti-LGI1/CASPR2-Ab (n=35; group II), and other antibodies (n=24; group III). A comparably higher proportion of patients in group I received plasma exchange/immunoadsorption and second line immunosuppressive treatments at baseline. A higher proportion of patients in group II presented with seizures. Group III mainly included patients with anti-GABABR-, anti-GAD65- and anti-GlyR-Ab. At baseline, one third of them had cancer. Patients in groups I and III had much higher median mRS scores at 3 months compared to patients in group II. A median mRS of 1 was found at all follow-up time points in group II. The different dynamics in the recovery of patients with certain autoimmune encephalitides have important implications for clinical trials. The hi...Continue Reading

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