Functions of noncoding sequences in mammalian genomes

Biochemistry. Biokhimii︠a︡
L I Patrushev, T F Kovalenko

Abstract

Most of the mammalian genome consists of nucleotide sequences not coding for proteins. Exons of genes make up only 3% of the human genome, while the significance of most other sequences remains unknown. Recent genome studies with high-throughput methods demonstrate that the so-called noncoding part of the genome may perform important functions. This hypothesis is supported by three groups of experimental data: 1) approximately 10% of the sequences, most of which are located in noncoding parts of the genome, is evolutionarily conserved and thus can be of functional importance; 2) up to 99% of the mammalian genome is being transcribed forming short and long noncoding RNAs in addition to common mRNA; and 3) mutations in noncoding parts of the genome can be accompanied by progression of pathological states of the organism. In the light of these data, in the review we consider the functional role of numerous known sequences of noncoding parts of the genome including introns, DNA methylation regions, enhancers and locus control regions, insulators, S/MAR sequences, pseudogenes, and genes of noncoding RNAs, as well as transposons and simple repeats of centromeric and telomeric regions of chromosomes. The assumption is made that the in...Continue Reading

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Citations

Sep 8, 2016·Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology·James A Shapiro
Feb 18, 2017·Genes·Cinnamon L HardeeLynn Zechiedrich
Sep 24, 2019·Journal of Cellular Biochemistry·Yiping ZhuXiaoping Qian
Aug 12, 2020·Critical Reviews in Biotechnology·Xiao GuoTian-Yun Wang
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Nov 30, 2018·Biochemistry. Biokhimii︠a︡·T F Kovalenko, L I Patrushev
Oct 22, 2019·Frontiers in Oncology·Mercedes BermúdezRosalío Ramos-Payán
Jan 31, 2020·Frontiers in Genetics·Zoé HanssRejko Krüger
Sep 17, 2020·Cancers·Taewan Kim
Feb 5, 2021·Animals : an Open Access Journal From MDPI·Riccardo MorettiPaola Sacchi
Mar 7, 2021·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Izarbe Aísa-MarínGemma Marfany
May 28, 2021·BMC Bioinformatics·Swapna Vidhur DaulatabadSarath Chandra Janga
Feb 3, 2021·Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology·Duong Ngoc Diem NguyenYuh-Fen Pung

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