G protein-coupled, extracellular Ca2+ (Ca2+(o))-sensing receptor enables Ca2+(o) to function as a versatile extracellular first messenger

Cell Biochemistry and Biophysics
E M Brown

Abstract

The cloning of a G protein-coupled, extracellular Ca2+ (Ca2+(o))-sensing receptor (CaR) has afforded a molecular basis for a number of the known effects of Ca2+(o) on tissues involved in maintaining systemic calcium homeostasis, especially parathyroid gland and kidney. In addition to providing molecular tools for showing that CaR messenger RNA and protein are present within these tissues, the cloned CaR has permitted documentation that several human diseases are the result of inactivating or activating mutations of this receptor as well as generation of mice that have targeted disruption of the CaR gene. Characteristic changes in the functions of parathyroid and kidney in these patients as well as in the CaR "knockout" mice have elucidated considerably the CaR's physiological roles in mineral ion homeostasis. Nevertheless, a great deal remains to be learned about how this receptor regulates the functioning of other tissues involved in Ca2+(o) metabolism, such as bone and intestine. Further study of these human diseases and of the mouse models will doubtless be useful in gaining additional understanding of the CaR's roles in these latter tissues. Furthermore, we understand little of the CaR's functions in tissues that are not di...Continue Reading

Citations

Mar 30, 2011·The British Journal of Nutrition·Alexandra S MuscherKorinna Huber
May 8, 2002·The Journal of Clinical Investigation·Dengshun MiaoDavid Goltzman
Apr 21, 2009·Circulation Journal : Official Journal of the Japanese Circulation Society·Hirotaka KawashimaHideharu Hayashi
Aug 7, 2002·Journal of Bone and Mineral Research : the Official Journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research·Jianxin HuAllen M Spiegel
Jan 1, 2002·The Arabidopsis Book·Ruth R Finkelstein, Christopher D Rock
Nov 18, 2008·Endocrine·Bandana ChakravartiNaibedya Chattopadhyay
Dec 19, 2012·Molecular BioSystems·Xin Zhang, Ulrike S Eggert

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