GABA and enkephalin tonically alter sympathetic outflows in the rat spinal cord

Autonomic Neuroscience : Basic & Clinical
Belinda R Bowman, Ann K Goodchild

Abstract

GABA and enkephalin provide significant innervation of sympathetic preganglionic neurons. Despite some investigation as to the identity of premotor sources of these innervations no comprehensive analyses have been conducted. Similarly, although data describing the cardiovascular effects of blockade of GABAA receptors in the spinal cord is available, the effects at other sympathetic outflows are unknown. In contrast the sympathetic effects of opioid blockade in the spinal cord are unclear. The aims of this study were to identify potential sympathetic premotor sources of GABAergic and enkephalinergic input to the spinal cord and to describe the sympathetic and cardiovascular effects of spinal GABAA receptor and delta/mu opioid receptor blockade in urethane anaesthetised rats. Glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD67) and preproenkephalin (PPE) mRNA were found in all regions containing sympathetic premotor neurons, with the medullary raphe and RVMM providing the major GABAergic projections, while the PVN, RVMM and medullary raphe provided the major enkephalinergic projections. Intrathecal injection of bicuculline, a GABAA antagonist, elicited large and prolonged increases in all outflows measured, confirming previous work describing a t...Continue Reading

References

Feb 25, 1985·Brain Research·F J Gordon
Nov 1, 1983·The Journal of Comparative Neurology·H KhachaturianS J Watson
Jan 1, 1995·Clinical and Experimental Hypertension : CHE·I J Llewellyn-SmithJ P Chalmers
Apr 3, 2001·The Journal of Comparative Neurology·M HallbeckA Blomqvist
Jul 30, 2002·Autonomic Neuroscience : Basic & Clinical·I J Llewellyn-SmithJ B Minson
Jun 14, 2005·The Journal of Comparative Neurology·Ida J Llewellyn-SmithJanet R Keast
Mar 1, 2008·Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology & Physiology·Ann K GoodchildPaul M Pilowsky
Apr 5, 2008·The Journal of Physiology·Kazuhiro Nakamura, Shaun F Morrison
Aug 12, 2009·Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy·Ruth L Stornetta
Nov 4, 2011·The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience·Domenico TuponeShaun F Morrison
Jun 29, 2012·The Journal of Comparative Neurology·Belinda R BowmanAnn K Goodchild
Jan 26, 2013·The Journal of Comparative Neurology·Lindsay M ParkerAnn K Goodchild

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Sep 14, 2016·Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine·Jonathan LevyDjamel Bensmail
Apr 14, 2016·PloS One·Luiz Fabio DimovRosana Lima Pagano
Nov 24, 2017·American Journal of Physiology. Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology·Hiroyuki NakamoriYasutake Shimizu
Feb 6, 2020·Pharmacological Reports : PR·Maycon I O MilanezRuy R Campos

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.