PMID: 11607393Jun 1, 1993Paper

Galaxy dynamics and the mass density of the universe

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
V C Rubin

Abstract

Dynamical evidence accumulated over the past 20 years has convinced astronomers that luminous matter in a spiral galaxy constitutes no more than 10% of the mass of a galaxy. An additional 90% is inferred by its gravitational effect on luminous material. Here I review recent observations concerning the distribution of luminous and nonluminous matter in the Milky Way, in galaxies, and in galaxy clusters. Observations of neutral hydrogen disks, some extending in radius several times the optical disk, confirm that a massive dark halo is a major component of virtually every spiral. A recent surprise has been the discovery that stellar and gas motions in ellipticals are enormously complex. To date, only for a few spheroidal galaxies do the velocities extend far enough to probe the outer mass distribution. But the diverse kinematics of inner cores, peripheral to deducing the overall mass distribution, offer additional evidence that ellipticals have acquired gas-rich systems after initial formation. Dynamical results are consistent with a low-density universe, in which the required dark matter could be baryonic. On smallest scales of galaxies [10 kiloparsec (kpc); Ho = 50 km.sec-1.megaparsec-1] the luminous matter constitutes only 1% o...Continue Reading

References

Jun 1, 1993·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·D N Schramm
Jun 1, 1993·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·A H Guth

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Citations

Jun 1, 1993·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·M S Turner
Apr 16, 1998·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·R J Britten
Apr 15, 1996·Physical Review. D·E I GatesM S Turner
Oct 4, 2012·Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics·B Roy Frieden, Michael Petri

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