Gangliosides and Autoimmune Peripheral Nerve Diseases

Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science
John A Goodfellow, Hugh J Willison

Abstract

A wide range of neuroimmunological diseases, referred to as autoimmune neuropathies, affect the peripheral nervous systems (PNS). The PNS is structurally diverse with complex anatomical compartments enriched in many different myelin and neuronal glycolipids, notably gangliosides. Autoimmune neuropathies are a proportion of autoimmune neuropathies mediated by autoimmune attack due to antibodies reactive with these compartmentally localized gangliosides. Antiganglioside antibodies are principally associated with the acute paralytic disease, Guillain-Barré syndrome, and are also found in several chronic autoimmune neuropathy syndromes. These antibodies may arise spontaneously from the natural autoantibody repertoire, or be induced by infections that share structurally similar glycans to gangliosides, an immunological process often referred to as molecular mimicry. The principal infection exhibiting this structural similarity is Campylobacter jejuni, which displays mimics of GM1, GD1a, GT1a, and other gangliosides on its surface lipo-oligosaccharide. Autoantibodies thus induced bind glycan epitopes on peripheral nerve gangliosides where they activate complement and recruit macrophages, causing structural and functional disorganizat...Continue Reading

Citations

Feb 15, 2020·Journal of Neurochemistry·Katrin A BeckerStefka D Spassieva
Dec 24, 2019·Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology·Johannes M F G AertsR G Boot
Apr 26, 2020·Journal of Neuromuscular Diseases·Corinne G C HorlingsWolfgang N Löscher
Jul 2, 2020·Journal of Neurology·José Berciano
Jun 30, 2021·Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry·Yingxu MaChanghu Xue
Nov 20, 2021·Biophysical Journal·Maria J SarmentoRadek Šachl

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Related Feeds

Campylobacteriosis (ASM)

Campylobacteriosis is caused by the bacteria Campylobacter jejuni and is a common cause of gastroenteritis in humans. Discover the latest research on Campylobacteriosis here.

Autoimmune Diseases

Autoimmune diseases occur as a result of an attack by the immune system on the body’s own tissues resulting in damage and dysfunction. There are different types of autoimmune diseases, in which there is a complex and unknown interaction between genetics and the environment. Discover the latest research on autoimmune diseases here.