Gas6 Inhibits Toll-Like Receptor-Mediated Inflammatory Pathways in Mouse Microglia via Axl and Mer

Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience
Shannon E GilchristSassan Hafizi

Abstract

Background: Microglia are well known key regulators of neuroinflammation which feature in multiple neurodegenerative disorders. These cells survey the CNS and, under inflammatory conditions, become "activated" through stimulation of toll-like receptors (TLRs), resulting in changes in morphology and production and release of cytokines. In the present study, we examined the roles of the related TAM receptors, Mer and Axl, and of their ligand, Gas6, in the regulation of microglial pro-inflammatory TNF-α production and microglial morphology. Methods: Primary cultures of murine microglia of wild-type (WT), Mer-/- and Axl-/- backgrounds were stimulated by the TLR4 agonist, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) with or without pre-treatment with Gas6. Gene expression of TNF-α, Mer, and Axl was examined using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure TNF-α release from microglia. Immunofluorescence staining of β-actin and the microglial marker Iba1 was performed to reveal microglial morphological changes, with cellular characteristics (area, perimeter, Feret's diameter, minimum Feret, roundness, and aspect ratio) being quantified using ImageJ software. R...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jul 3, 2021·Cells·Ivó H HernándezMaría José Pérez-Álvarez
Jul 2, 2021·Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin·Genki HiramatsuToshiaki Kume

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
ELISA
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
confocal microscopy
ELISAs

Software Mentioned

GraphPad
Prism

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