Gases, God and the balance of nature: a commentary on Priestley (1772) 'Observations on different kinds of air'

Philosophical Transactions. Series A, Mathematical, Physical, and Engineering Sciences
J G McEvoy

Abstract

Historians of chemistry usually associate the eighteenth century with the Chemical Revolution, but it could just as readily be called 'the century of gases' (or 'airs', as they were called in the eighteenth century). In the early part of the century, the British pneumatic chemists struggled to replace the traditional notion 'Air', understood as an inert chemical element, with the concept of 'air', regarded as the third state of matter, encompassing a wide variety of chemical species. These developments constituted a necessary condition for the Chemical Revolution, which occurred in the latter part of the century. In 'Observations', Priestley took pneumatic chemistry to a new level, with the discovery of eight simple inorganic gases. Motivated by his belief in a benevolent God and a pious utilitarianism, Priestly explored the role of the atmosphere in the balance of nature and the politics of the state, which he linked to the movement of Rational Dissent. He styled himself an 'aerial philosopher' to signal the interdisciplinary nature of his inquiries, which he regarded not as a branch of ordinary chemistry, but as a mode of thought that encompassed physics, chemistry and natural theology. Priestley saw it as a source of princip...Continue Reading

References

Jul 1, 1995·Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine·L A Gottschalk, R Bechtel
Apr 4, 2001·Isis; an International Review Devoted to the History of Science and Its Cultural Influences·F L Holmes
Dec 1, 1957·Isis; an International Review Devoted to the History of Science and Its Cultural Influences·H GUERLAC
Apr 1, 1964·Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences·L BADASH

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