Gastrocnemius muscle length in relation to knee and ankle joint angles: verification of a geometric model and some applications

The Anatomical Record
G J Ettema

Abstract

For understanding the relationship between skeletal muscle architecture and muscle function in vivo, the development of accurate geometric models relating muscle length to joint angles is crucial. Therefore, a geometric model of the calf of mammals was developed to predict the length of the gastrocnemius muscle-tendon complex from knee and ankle angles. The model requires three skeletal length measurements (radius of femoral condyle, ankle lever, and tibia length) to predict muscle-tendon length. The model was tested on the hopping mouse (Notomys alexis) by comparing polynomial fittings with geometrical fits of muscle length-joint angle measurements (i.e., the equation of the geometric model was used for least square fitting of the data). The model was applied to the hopping mouse and the rat to study (in vivo) joint-angle-muscle length-force relationships. It appeared that small and, on average, statistically nonsignificant length adjustments of the skeletal lengths were needed for the geometrical fit. Combinations of joint angles that normally occur during locomotion yielded muscle lengths close to optimum (i.e., with the highest isometric force potential). By relying on the geometry of the animal's leg, the calculated moment...Continue Reading

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Citations

Apr 20, 2011·Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences·Edith M Arnold, Scott L Delp
Aug 24, 2010·Accident; Analysis and Prevention·Wafa EliasYoram Shiftan
Oct 14, 2008·Journal of Neuroscience Methods·Kazuhiko IchiharaRanu Jung
Jul 29, 2008·Zoology : Analysis of Complex Systems, ZACS·Timothy E Higham, Frank E Nelson
Feb 25, 2011·Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology : Official Journal of the International Society of Electrophysiological Kinesiology·Julien GondinDavid Bendahan
Feb 17, 2017·The Journal of Experimental Biology·Michel BernabeiHuub Maas
Oct 4, 2002·American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation·Moon Suk BangSang-Jun Kim
Apr 15, 2016·Journal of Neurophysiology·Hiltsje A SmildeHuub Maas
Nov 3, 2017·Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports·T FinniH Maas
May 11, 2002·The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume·Adrian BaddarMark F Abel
Nov 19, 2002·Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology : Official Journal of the International Society of Electrophysiological Kinesiology·G J C Ettema

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