Gastrointestinal hormone research - with a Scandinavian annotation

Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology
Jens F Rehfeld

Abstract

Gastrointestinal hormones are peptides released from neuroendocrine cells in the digestive tract. More than 30 hormone genes are currently known to be expressed in the gut, which makes it the largest hormone-producing organ in the body. Modern biology makes it feasible to conceive the hormones under five headings: The structural homology groups a majority of the hormones into nine families, each of which is assumed to originate from one ancestral gene. The individual hormone gene often has multiple phenotypes due to alternative splicing, tandem organization or differentiated posttranslational maturation of the prohormone. By a combination of these mechanisms, more than 100 different hormonally active peptides are released from the gut. Gut hormone genes are also widely expressed outside the gut, some only in extraintestinal endocrine cells and cerebral or peripheral neurons but others also in other cell types. The extraintestinal cells may release different bioactive fragments of the same prohormone due to cell-specific processing pathways. Moreover, endocrine cells, neurons, cancer cells and, for instance, spermatozoa secrete gut peptides in different ways, so the same peptide may act as a blood-borne hormone, a neurotransmitt...Continue Reading

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Citations

Dec 12, 2018·Molecular Biology Reports·Stella NikolaouChristos Kontovounisios
Sep 22, 2020·Endocrinology·Alexandre MartchenkoPatricia L Brubaker
May 4, 2016·The American Journal of the Medical Sciences·Ning CuiGuang Yu

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