Gastrointestinal tract access for enteral nutrition in critically ill and trauma patients: indications, techniques, and complications

European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery : Official Publication of the European Trauma Society
M TunaH Al Thani

Abstract

Enteral nutrition (EN) is a widely used, standard-of-care technique for nutrition support in critically ill and trauma patients. To review the current techniques of gastrointestinal tract access for EN. For this traditional narrative review, we accessed English-language articles and abstracts published from January 1988 through October 2012, using three research engines (MEDLINE, Scopus, and EMBASE) and the following key terms: "enteral nutrition," "critically ill," and "gut access." We excluded outdated abstracts. For our nearly 25-year search period, 44 articles matched all three terms. The most common gut access techniques included nasoenteric tube placement (nasogastric, nasoduodenal, or nasojejunal), as well as a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG). Other open or laparoscopic techniques, such as a jejunostomy or a gastrojejunostomy, were also used. Early EN continues to be preferred whenever feasible. In addition, evidence is mounting that EN during the early phase of critical illness or trauma trophic feeding has an outcome comparable to that of full-strength formulas. Most patients tolerate EN through the stomach, so postpyloric tube feeding is not needed initially. In critically ill and trauma patients, early EN t...Continue Reading

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Dec 25, 2015·Surgical Endoscopy·Tovy Haber KamineBenjamin E Schneider
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