Gender cognition in transgender children

Psychological Science
Kristina R OlsonNicholas R Eaton

Abstract

A visible and growing cohort of transgender children in North America live according to their expressed gender rather than their natal sex, yet scientific research has largely ignored this population. In the current study, we adopted methodological advances from social-cognition research to investigate whether 5- to 12-year-old prepubescent transgender children (N = 32), who were presenting themselves according to their gender identity in everyday life, showed patterns of gender cognition more consistent with their expressed gender or their natal sex, or instead appeared to be confused about their gender identity. Using implicit and explicit measures, we found that transgender children showed a clear pattern: They viewed themselves in terms of their expressed gender and showed preferences for their expressed gender, with response patterns mirroring those of two cisgender (nontransgender) control groups. These results provide evidence that, early in development, transgender youth are statistically indistinguishable from cisgender children of the same gender identity.

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Citations

Dec 25, 2015·Journal of Lesbian Studies·Charlotte Chucky Tate, Mercedes D Pearson
Jun 2, 2016·Child Development·Carol Lynn MartinDiane N Ruble
Oct 25, 2016·Journal of Psychiatric Research·Gianluca MacaudaBigna Lenggenhager
Oct 28, 2016·Developmental Science·Antonya Marie GonzalezAndrew Scott Baron
Apr 26, 2017·Child Development·Anne A Fast, Kristina R Olson
Jul 17, 2015·Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services·Shirley A Smoyak
Oct 27, 2017·Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines·Jack L Turban, Diane Ehrensaft
Sep 16, 2017·Developmental Science·Kristina R Olson, Elizabeth A Enright
Jan 15, 2019·Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology : the Official Journal for the Society of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, American Psychological Association, Division 53·Leigh A Spivey, Laura Edwards-Leeper
Mar 30, 2019·Psychological Science·James R RaeKristina R Olson
Nov 14, 2019·PloS One·Selin GülgözKristina R Olson
Nov 20, 2019·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Selin GülgözKristina R Olson
May 7, 2020·Perspectives on Psychological Science : a Journal of the Association for Psychological Science·Thekla Morgenroth, Michelle K Ryan
Jul 21, 2020·Child Development·Jessica J GlazierKristina R Olson
Sep 19, 2015·Current Opinion in Psychiatry·Johannes FussPeer Briken
Jan 8, 2019·Journal of Cognition and Development : Official Journal of the Cognitive Development Society·Selin GülgözKristina R Olson
Sep 3, 2020·Scientific Reports·Pawel TacikowskiH Henrik Ehrsson
Dec 29, 2020·JAMA Pediatrics·Natasha A SchveyJoshua C Gray
Feb 13, 2021·Pediatric Annals·Ilana Sherer, Madeleine Hanks
Apr 15, 2021·Current Psychiatry Reports·David C CallCynthia J Telingator
Apr 16, 2021·Social Psychological and Personality Science·Jennifer D RubinKristina R Olson
May 20, 2019·Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology·Jill WagnerJason Rafferty
Sep 19, 2018·Pediatrics·Jason RaffertyUNKNOWN SECTION ON LESBIAN, GAY, BISEXUAL, AND TRANSGENDER HEALTH AND WELLNESS

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