Gender difference in the effects of lead exposure at different time windows on neurobehavioral development in 5-year-old children

The Science of the Total Environment
Hyunjoo JooMina Ha

Abstract

Although the association between lead exposure and children's neurodevelopment has been studied, gender differences remain to be investigated. We examined the effects of lead exposure on the neurobehavioral development of 5-year-old children to identify the vulnerable time window of exposure and potential gender difference. A total of 1751 pregnant women and children participated in the prospective birth cohort study, Mothers and Children's Environmental Health study, since 2006. Lead levels were measured in the maternal blood in early and late pregnancies, in cord blood at birth, and in 2-, 3-, and 5-year-old children's blood. The behavior of 575 children aged 5years were assessed using the Korean Child Behavior Checklist. The association between the blood lead level at each time window and behavior was examined using a generalized linear model adjusted for potential confounders and covariates. Lead levels at late pregnancy were significantly associated with increased risk of behavioral problems in males. Lead levels in 2- and 5-year-old children's blood significantly increased behavioral risks in females: for a 1-μg/dL increase in blood lead levels, the score for total behavioral problems increased by 3.00 (95% confidence int...Continue Reading

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Citations

Apr 9, 2020·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Samaila SalehMuhammad Azril Hezmi
Oct 20, 2018·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·Kinga PolanskaGemma Calamandrei
Oct 17, 2019·World Journal of Pediatrics : WJP·Joyce TienJianghong Liu
Sep 24, 2020·International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the International Society for Developmental Neuroscience·Yu SunXingyin Liu
Mar 30, 2021·Current Epidemiology Reports·Julia A BauerBirgit Claus Henn

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