Gender in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics: Issues, Causes, Solutions

The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience
Tessa E S Charlesworth, Mahzarin R Banaji

Abstract

The landscape of gender in education and the workforce has shifted over the past decades: women have made gains in representation, equitable pay, and recognition through awards, grants, and publications. Despite overall change, differences persist in the fields of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). This Viewpoints article on gender disparities in STEM offers an overarching perspective by addressing what the issues are, why the issues may emerge, and how the issues may be solved. In Part 1, recent data on gaps in representation, compensation, and recognition (awards, grants, publications) are reviewed, highlighting differences across subfields (e.g., computer science vs biology) and across career trajectories (e.g., bachelor's degrees vs senior faculty). In Part 2, evidence on leading explanations for these gaps, including explanations centered on abilities, preferences, and explicit and implicit bias, is presented. Particular attention is paid to implicit bias: mental processes that exist largely outside of conscious awareness and control in both male and female perceivers and female targets themselves. Given its prevalence and persistence, implicit bias warrants a central focus for research and applicati...Continue Reading

Citations

Sep 10, 2020·Perspectives on Psychological Science : a Journal of the Association for Psychological Science·June GruberLisa A Williams
Dec 8, 2020·PloS One·Carmen Corona-SobrinoHannia González-Urango
Dec 8, 2020·The Journal of General Psychology·Maddalena Marini, Mahzarin R Banaji
Nov 5, 2020·Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities·Sade SololaKhadijah Breathett
Jul 9, 2021·Neuron·Anaïs LlorensNina F Dronkers

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