Gene amplification as a form of population-level gene expression regulation.

Nature Ecology & Evolution
I TomanekCălin C Guet

Abstract

Organisms cope with change by taking advantage of transcriptional regulators. However, when faced with rare environments, the evolution of transcriptional regulators and their promoters may be too slow. Here, we investigate whether the intrinsic instability of gene duplication and amplification provides a generic alternative to canonical gene regulation. Using real-time monitoring of gene-copy-number mutations in Escherichia coli, we show that gene duplications and amplifications enable adaptation to fluctuating environments by rapidly generating copy-number and, therefore, expression-level polymorphisms. This amplification-mediated gene expression tuning (AMGET) occurs on timescales that are similar to canonical gene regulation and can respond to rapid environmental changes. Mathematical modelling shows that amplifications also tune gene expression in stochastic environments in which transcription-factor-based schemes are hard to evolve or maintain. The fleeting nature of gene amplifications gives rise to a generic population-level mechanism that relies on genetic heterogeneity to rapidly tune the expression of any gene, without leaving any genomic signature.

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Citations

Jan 21, 2021·Nature Reviews. Microbiology·Jerónimo Rodríguez-BeltránÁlvaro San Millán
Mar 9, 2021·ELife·Anna Nagy-StaronCalin C Guet
Mar 12, 2021·Molecular Biology and Evolution·Carlos RedingRobert Beardmore
Jun 22, 2021·Frontiers in Microbiology·María A Sánchez-Romero, Josep Casadesús

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Datasets Mentioned

BETA
U00096.3

Methods Mentioned

BETA
PCRs
PCR
flow cytometry
Fluorescence
chip

Software Mentioned

Geneious Prime
FACSDiva
MATLAB
AMGET
Geneious
Fiji
Kymograph
ImageJ
Matlab function
Multi

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