Gene Birth Contributes to Structural Disorder Encoded by Overlapping Genes

Genetics
Sara Willis, Joanna Masel

Abstract

The same nucleotide sequence can encode two protein products in different reading frames. Overlapping gene regions encode higher levels of intrinsic structural disorder (ISD) than nonoverlapping genes (39% vs. 25% in our viral dataset). This might be because of the intrinsic properties of the genetic code, because one member per pair was recently born de novo in a process that favors high ISD, or because high ISD relieves increased evolutionary constraint imposed by dual-coding. Here, we quantify the relative contributions of these three alternative hypotheses. We estimate that the recency of de novo gene birth explains [Formula: see text] or more of the elevation in ISD in overlapping regions of viral genes. While the two reading frames within a same-strand overlapping gene pair have markedly different ISD tendencies that must be controlled for, their effects cancel out to make no net contribution to ISD. The remaining elevation of ISD in the older members of overlapping gene pairs, presumed due to the need to alleviate evolutionary constraint, was already present prior to the origin of the overlap. Same-strand overlapping gene birth events can occur in two different frames, favoring high ISD either in the ancestral gene or in...Continue Reading

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Citations

May 24, 2019·PLoS Genetics·Stephen Branden Van Oss, Anne-Ruxandra Carvunis
Feb 27, 2020·Molecular Biology and Evolution·Luke J Kosinski, Joanna Masel
Sep 15, 2020·Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences·Zachary ArdernSiegfried Scherer
Oct 22, 2020·Proceedings. Biological Sciences·Kevin GomezJoanna Masel
Jun 3, 2021·Vaccines·Zahra GholizadehFabio Romerio
Oct 7, 2021·Nature Reviews. Genetics·Bradley W WrightPaul R Jaschke
Nov 19, 2021·Molecular Biology and Evolution·Andrew K WatsonEric Bapteste

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