Gene Expression Detection Assay for Cancer Clinical Use

Journal of Cancer
Shavira Narrandes, Wayne Xu

Abstract

Cancer is a genetic disease where genetic variations cause abnormally functioning genes that appear to alter expression. Proteins, the final products of gene expression, determine the phenotypes and biological processes. Therefore, detecting gene expression levels can be used for cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment prediction in a clinical setting. In this review, we investigated six gene expression assay systems (qRT-PCR, DNA microarray, nCounter, RNA-Seq, FISH, and tissue microarray) that are currently being used in clinical cancer studies. Some of these methods are also commonly used in a modified way; for example, detection of DNA content or protein expression. Herein, we discuss their principles, sample preparation, design, quantification and sensitivity, data analysis, time for sample preparation and processing, and cost. We also compared these methods according to their sample selection, particularly for the feasibility of using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples, which are routinely archived for clinical cancer studies. We intend to provide a guideline for choosing an assay method with respect to its oncological applications in a clinical setting.

Citations

Jun 6, 2019·Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics·Jennifer Mary EastelSze Chuen Cesar Wong
May 16, 2019·Neural Regeneration Research·Yi LiXiao-Dong Wang
Oct 1, 2020·Nucleic Acids Research·Dharmesh D BhuvaMelissa J Davis
Jul 12, 2019·JAMA Oncology·Guillaume AssiéJérôme Bertherat
Feb 14, 2021·Scientific Reports·Jillian W P BrachtMiguel A Molina-Vila
Mar 12, 2019·Annales de pathologie·Jean-Christophe Sabourin
Apr 20, 2021·Computers in Biology and Medicine·Daniel Castillo-SecillaIgnacio Rojas
May 1, 2021·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Luca TonellaPietro Quaglino
May 25, 2021·Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition·Jong Min ParkKi Baik Hahm
Oct 26, 2021·PLoS Pathogens·Thyago Leal-CalvoMilton Ozório Moraes

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Methods Mentioned

BETA
RNA-Seq
Assay
reverse transcription PCR
PCR
fluorescence microscopy
xenograft
xenografts

Software Mentioned

Excel
Prosigna
nCounter
Primer3
MiSeq Control Software ( MCS )
Alignment
TopHat
NanoString
Tissue Array Management and Evaluation Environment ( TAMEE )
nSolver

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.