Generation of stable test atmospheres of cocaine base and its pyrolyzate, methylecgonidine, and demonstration of their biological activity

Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior
R WoodJ Willetts

Abstract

Generating controlled test atmospheres of known chemical identity and airborne concentration upon demand is a significant technical obstacle that limits the scope and repeatability of studies of inhaled substances. We addressed this problem as applied to the generation of atmospheres that result from heating crack cocaine, which include both cocaine and its pyrolyzate methylecgonidine (MEG). A condensation aerosol generator was used to generate atmospheres comprised of monodisperse particles of cocaine, MEG, or mixtures of both that are of submicron size suitable for deposition in the alveolar region of primates. Compressed air seeded with nanometer-size sodium chloride particles was passed through a constant depth of molten cocaine or MEG in a bead bed, reheated, and condensed to an aerosol within an annulus of cold air. To achieve control of a mixture of both compounds, MEG was condensed onto cocaine particles in a separate coating step. On-line analytical instruments provided verification of airborne concentration, estimates of particle size, and dispersion as well as chemical identity. Specific airway conductance (SGaw), heart rate, and rectal and skin temperatures were measured in squirrel monkeys breathing atmospheres con...Continue Reading

References

May 1, 1990·Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior·D HatsukamiM Huber
Jan 1, 1985·Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health·R B Schlesinger
Sep 1, 1995·Fundamental and Applied Toxicology : Official Journal of the Society of Toxicology·B AsgharianR B Schlesinger
Jan 1, 1996·Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior·R W WoodJ F Graefe
Jul 1, 1965·The Annals of Occupational Hygiene·D C MUIR

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Jul 21, 1998·Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences·J R Woods
Jan 18, 2006·Neurotoxicology and Teratology·Fang HeMichael S Lidow
Sep 15, 2005·Drug and Alcohol Dependence·Margaret HaneyRichard W Foltin
Jun 1, 1998·Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences·James R Woods

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.