Genetic and Environmental Factors in Childhood Affecting High Brain Function

Nihon eiseigaku zasshi. Japanese journal of hygiene
Masaki Kakeyama

Abstract

The brain and mind are not only determined genetically but are also nurtured by environmental stimuli in early life. However, the relationship between early life environment and phenotypes in adulthood remains elusive. Using the IntelliCage-based competition task for group-housed mice, we previously found that maternal exposure to a low dose of an environmental pollutant, dioxin, resulted in abnormal social behavior, that is, low competitive dominance, which is defined by decreased occupancy of limited resource sites under highly competitive circumstances. Although we were unable to identify which behavioral phenotype applies to abnormalities such as "human social nature", we found signs of hypoactivation of the medial prefrontal cortex, as seen in patients with autism spectrum disorder. In addition, another model of environmental factors, repeated isolation during development, and that of genetic factors including mice with neuronal heterotopia, which refers to brain malformations resulting from deficits of neuronal migration, showed low competitive dominance. These results indicate that a constitutive approach to capture the neural network of the whole brain is necessary especially in cases where the temporal gap of causal re...Continue Reading

References

Aug 20, 2010·The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience·Ken-ichiro KuboKazunori Nakajima
Mar 8, 2011·Behavioural Brain Research·Toshihiro EndoMasaki Kakeyama
Apr 23, 2011·Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews·Andrew Sih
Nov 28, 2012·Pediatrics·UNKNOWN Council On Environmental Health
Aug 13, 2013·Nature Genetics·UNKNOWN Cross-Disorder Group of the Psychiatric Genomics ConsortiumUNKNOWN International Inflammatory Bowel Disease Genetics Consortium (IIBDGC)
Aug 5, 2014·Physiology & Behavior·Seico BennerChiharu Tohyama
Sep 12, 2015·The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience·Kazuhiro IshiiKazunori Nakajima
Apr 12, 2016·Frontiers in Neuroscience·Kyaw H AungFumihiko Maekawa

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