Genetic control of astrocyte function in neural circuits

Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience
Hannah M JahnFrank Kirchhoff

Abstract

During the last two decades numerous genetic approaches affecting cell function in vivo have been developed. Current state-of-the-art technology permits the selective switching of gene function in distinct cell populations within the complex organization of a given tissue parenchyma. The tamoxifen-inducible Cre/loxP gene recombination and the doxycycline-dependent modulation of gene expression are probably the most popular genetic paradigms. Here, we will review applications of these two strategies while focusing on the interactions of astrocytes and neurons in the central nervous system (CNS) and their impact for the whole organism. Abolishing glial sensing of neuronal activity by selective deletion of glial transmitter receptors demonstrated the impact of astrocytes for higher cognitive functions such as learning and memory, or the more basic body control of muscle coordination. Interestingly, also interfering with glial output, i.e., the release of gliotransmitters can drastically change animal's physiology like sleeping behavior. Furthermore, such genetic approaches have also been used to restore astrocyte function. In these studies two alternatives were employed to achieve proper genetic targeting of astrocytes: transgenes...Continue Reading

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Citations

Dec 29, 2015·Current Opinion in Pharmacology·Francesco Petrelli, Paola Bezzi
Oct 7, 2015·Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience·Tycho M Hoogland, Vladimir Parpura
Apr 9, 2016·Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences : CMLS·Alenka GučekRobert Zorec
Jul 28, 2016·Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience·Anja Scheller, Frank Kirchhoff
May 27, 2017·PLoS Biology·Nutabi CamargoMark H G Verheijen
Jan 22, 2019·Nature Neuroscience·Mirko SantelloAndrea Volterra
Apr 14, 2018·Scientific Reports·Hannah M JahnFrank Kirchhoff
Apr 4, 2017·Journal of Neuroscience Research·Jernej JorgačevskiRobert Zorec
Sep 26, 2019·Neural Regeneration Research·Rachel KeryGregory W Kirschen
Feb 17, 2021·Neurochemical Research·Zhe ZhangShinghua Ding

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
Transgenic
gene knockout

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