Genetic susceptibility and immunological synapse in type 1 diabetes and thyroid autoimmune disease

Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes : Official Journal, German Society of Endocrinology [and] German Diabetes Association
K Badenhoop, B O Boehm

Abstract

Type 1 diabetes mellitus results from an immune mediated or idiopathic destruction of the pancreatic beta cells. Its aetiopathogenesis remains to be elucidated, despite great progress in the characterisation of beta-cell antigens, T-lymphocyte and antibody markers as well as whole genome screening. The incidence of type 1 diabetes is rising in most countries. Moreover, a considerable proportion of patients initially presenting with type 2 diabetes mellitus have an underlying type 1 diabetes with a latent course. A proportion of type 1 diabetes patients have concomittant thyroid autoimmune disease, either Hashimoto's thyroiditis or Graves' disease. Whereas Hashimoto's thyroiditis shares the same destructive immune process as type 1 diabetes, Graves' disease is unique in stimulating specifically the TSH-receptor through high-affinity immunoglobulins. However, both the thyroid autoimmune disorders and type 1 diabetes have susceptibility genes in common, implying shared pathways of immunopathogenesis. It has become clear that the genetic composition of a host at least partly determines the course of an immune response leading either to an organ-specific autoimmune disease or creating a state of balance where antibodies are hallmark...Continue Reading

Citations

Jan 19, 2010·Chemical Research in Toxicology·K Michael PollardDwight H Kono
Nov 11, 2005·Thyroid : Official Journal of the American Thyroid Association·Alina KurylowiczTomasz Bednarczuk

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