Genetic variation and linkage disequilibrium in Bacillus anthracis.

Scientific Reports
Michael E ZwickTimothy D Read

Abstract

We performed whole-genome amplification followed by hybridization of custom-designed resequencing arrays to resequence 303 kb of genomic sequence from a worldwide panel of 39 Bacillus anthracis strains. We used an efficient algorithm contained within a custom software program, UniqueMER, to identify and mask repetitive sequences on the resequencing array to reduce false-positive identification of genetic variation, which can arise from cross-hybridization. We discovered a total of 240 single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and showed that B. anthracis strains have an average of 2.25 differences per 10,000 bases in the region we resequenced. Common SNVs in this region are found to be in complete linkage disequilibrium. These patterns of variation suggest there has been little if any historical recombination among B. anthracis strains since the origin of the pathogen. This pattern of common genetic variation suggests a framework for recognizing new or genetically engineered strains.

References

Dec 1, 1992·Genetics·S A Sawyer, D L Hartl
May 15, 1998·Molecular Biology and Evolution·J Maynard Smith, N H Smith
Oct 15, 1998·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·S SuerbaumM Achtman
Apr 10, 1999·Journal of Bacteriology·L B PriceP Keim
Sep 4, 1999·Journal of Applied Microbiology·K L SmithD T Scholl
Sep 4, 1999·Journal of Applied Microbiology·P KeimP J Jackson
Oct 4, 2000·Journal of Clinical Microbiology·K L SmithP Keim
Mar 10, 2001·Nature·R SachidanandamUNKNOWN International SNP Map Working Group
Nov 3, 2001·Genome Research·D J CutlerA Chakravarti
Nov 28, 2002·Journal of Clinical Microbiology·Agnès FouetPaul Keim
May 7, 2003·Applied and Environmental Microbiology·Lyndsay RadnedgeGary L Andersen
Jul 5, 2003·Journal of Clinical Microbiology·Kwan Soo KoYoon-Hoh Kook
Jan 9, 2004·Applied and Environmental Microbiology·Erlendur HelgasonAnne-Brit Kolstø
Apr 24, 2004·Science·Gilean A T McVeanPeter Donnelly
Aug 7, 2004·Bioinformatics·J C BarrettM J Daly
Nov 18, 2004·Journal of Bacteriology·Fergus G PriestMartin C J Maiden
Jan 12, 2005·Genome Biology·Michael E ZwickAlfred Mateczun
Jul 8, 2005·Journal of Clinical Microbiology·Antonio FasanellaPaul Keim
Oct 22, 2005·Journal of Theoretical Biology·Eduardo P C RochaEdward J Feil
Oct 29, 2005·Nature·UNKNOWN International HapMap Consortium
Feb 24, 2006·Infection and Immunity·Brian K Janes, Scott Stibitz
Jun 16, 2006·Annual Review of Microbiology·Martin C J Maiden
Dec 8, 2006·Genetics·Xavier Didelot, Daniel Falush
Feb 1, 1978·Genetics·G A Watterson
May 24, 2007·PloS One·Matthew N Van ErtPaul Keim
Sep 27, 2007·Genome Research·Thierry WirthMark Achtman
Oct 19, 2007·Nature·UNKNOWN International HapMap ConsortiumJohn Stewart
Jul 4, 2008·PloS One·Michael E ZwickTimothy D Read
Dec 17, 2008·PLoS Genetics·Sergey Kryazhimskiy, Joshua B Plotkin
Jan 6, 2010·Genome Biology·Peter E ChenTimothy D Read
May 11, 2010·Trends in Microbiology·Xavier Didelot, Martin C J Maiden
Sep 15, 2010·PLoS Genetics·Ruth Hershberg, Dmitri A Petrov

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Methods Mentioned

BETA
genotyping
chip

Software Mentioned

Haploview
dnadist
custom Perl script
Perl script
LDHat
PHYLIP
convert
proml
stat
RATools

Related Concepts

Related Feeds

Anthrax Vaccines

Three different types of anthrax vaccines are available; a live-attenuated, an alum-precipitated cell-free filtrate and a protein recombinant vaccine. The effectiveness between the three is uncertain, but the live-attenuated have shown to reduce the risk of anthrax with low adverse events. Here is the latest research on anthrax vaccines.

Anthrax

Anthrax toxin, comprising protective antigen, lethal factor, and oedema factor, is the major virulence factor of Bacillus anthracis, an agent that causes high mortality in humans and animals. Here is the latest research on Anthrax.

Anthrax Vaccines (ASM)

Three different types of anthrax vaccines are available; a live-attenuated, an alum-precipitated cell-free filtrate and a protein recombinant vaccine. The effectiveness between the three is uncertain, but the live-attenuated have shown to reduce the risk of anthrax with low adverse events. Here is the latest research on anthrax vaccines.

© 2022 Meta ULC. All rights reserved