Abstract
Genipin, an aglycon of geniposide, has been reported to have anti-inflammatory effect. However, the anti-inflammatory activity of genipin on LPS-stimulated BV2 microglial cells has not been reported. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms responsible for the anti-inflammatory activity of genipin both in vivo and in vitro. The levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, NO and PGE2 were detected by ELISA. The expression of Nrf2, HO-1, and NF-κB were detected by western blot analysis. In vivo, genipin significantly attenuated LPS-induced memory deficit in the Morris water maze and passive avoidance tasks. Genipin also inhibited LPS-induced TNF-α and IL-1β expression in brain tissues. In vitro, our results showed that genipin inhibited LPS-induced TNF-α, IL-1β, NO and PGE2 production in a concentration-dependent manner. Genipin also suppressed LPS-induced NF-κB activation. In addition, the expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 were up-regulated by treatment of genipin. Furthermore, the inhibition of genipin on inflammatory mediator production was attenuated by transfection with Nrf2 siRNA. In conclusion, genipin inhibited LPS-induced inflammatory response by activating Nrf2 signaling pathway in BV2 microglia.
References
Mar 1, 1995·Brain Research. Brain Research Reviews·J GehrmannG W Kreutzberg
Mar 29, 2001·Biology of the Neonate·E Saliba, A Henrot
Aug 14, 2003·Trends in Pharmacological Sciences·Hui Ming GaoJau Shyong Hong
Aug 7, 2007·International Review of Neurobiology·Joseph RogersAndrew Grover
Aug 25, 2007·Neurochemistry International·Ilia J Elenkov
Feb 12, 2008·Biochemical Pharmacology·Yuki HirataHidemi Ishii
Mar 20, 2009·Lancet Neurology·Etienne C Hirsch, Stéphane Hunot
May 23, 2009·Nature Reviews. Immunology·Serge Rivest
Jul 7, 2009·Biochemical Pharmacology·Cinzia Dello RussoPierluigi Navarra
Feb 4, 2010·International Immunopharmacology·Kyong Nyon NamEunjoo H Lee
Mar 20, 2010·Neuroscience Letters·Young Taek OhInsug Kang
Mar 23, 2010·European Journal of Pharmacology·Seok-Joo KimSun-Mee Lee
Jul 21, 2010·Acta Neuropathologica·V Hugh Perry
May 5, 2011·Journal of Molecular Modeling·Hugo Vázquez-LimaClaudia Martínez-Anaya
Nov 13, 2012·Biochemical Pharmacology·Chun-Chieh HsuTur-Fu Huang
Feb 5, 2013·Biochemical Pharmacology·Ping YangLin Sun
Oct 1, 2013·International Immunopharmacology·Chang-Hee KangGi-Young Kim
Feb 21, 2014·Biochemical Pharmacology·Yu-Fan ChuangMing-Jen Hsu
Jun 3, 2014·BMC Neurology·Shu-Yang YuWei Zhang
Aug 2, 2014·European Journal of Pharmacology·Ryota ArakiTakeshi Yabe
Oct 12, 2014·Brain Research Bulletin·Ming-Di ZhuZhi-Jun Zhang
Nov 8, 2014·Molecules : a Journal of Synthetic Chemistry and Natural Product Chemistry·Dong-Cheol KimHyuncheol Oh
Dec 3, 2014·International Immunopharmacology·Matharage Gayani DilsharaGi-Young Kim
Dec 4, 2014·CNS & Neurological Disorders Drug Targets·Stephen D SkaperPietro Giusti
Citations
Oct 28, 2019·Inflammopharmacology·Zhiguo LiYan Ma
Mar 7, 2020·The American Journal of Chinese Medicine·Linsha DongBin Li
Dec 27, 2019·Neuroreport·Lei YangRen-Yuan Zhou
Oct 17, 2019·Frontiers in Physiology·Junyi ZhouHaiyu Zhao
Aug 30, 2020·Molecules : a Journal of Synthetic Chemistry and Natural Product Chemistry·Aline T de CarvalhoGustavo R Villas-Boas
Oct 18, 2018·Neurochemical Research·Min Sung GeeJong Kil Lee
Jun 27, 2019·Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology·Milad AshrafizadehShima Tavakol
Jun 1, 2018·BioMed Research International·Yishun YangTong Zhang
Aug 3, 2019·Fish & Shellfish Immunology·Ai-Guo HuangBin Zhu
Jul 14, 2021·Journal of Asian Natural Products Research·Huan-Nan WangZhen Zhang
Aug 9, 2019·Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry·Dong ZhaoHyun Ok Yang
Aug 27, 2021·Translational Vision Science & Technology·Elena KoudounaMarcel Yecid Avila