Genome sequence heterogeneity of Lake Sinai Virus found in honey bees and Orf1/RdRP-based polymorphisms in a single host

Virus Research
Jorgen RavoetDirk C de Graaf

Abstract

Honey bees (Apis mellifera) are susceptible to a wide range of pathogens, including a broad set of viruses. Recently, next-generation sequencing has expanded the list of viruses with, for instance, two strains of Lake Sinai Virus. Soon after its discovery in the USA, LSV was also discovered in other countries and in other hosts. In the present study, we assemble four almost complete LSV genomes, and show that there is remarkable sequence heterogeneity based on the Orf1, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and capsid protein sequences in comparison to the previously identified LSV 1 and 2 strains. Phylogenetic analyses of LSV sequences obtained from single honey bee specimens further revealed that up to three distinctive clades could be present in a single bee. Such superinfections have not previously been identified for other honey bee viruses. In a search for the putative routes of LSV transmission, we were able to demonstrate the presence of LSV in pollen pellets and in Varroa destructor mites. However, negative-strand analyses demonstrated that the virus only actively replicates in honey bees and mason bees (Osmia cornuta) and not in Varroa mites.

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Citations

Aug 9, 2016·Journal of Invertebrate Pathology·Sebastian Gisder, Elke Genersch
Jun 26, 2015·Viruses·Katie F DaughenbaughMichelle L Flenniken
Jan 10, 2018·Frontiers in Microbiology·Sofia LevinNor Chejanovsky
Jun 25, 2020·Insects·Jessica L KevillDeclan C Schroeder
Jun 18, 2020·Frontiers in Microbiology·Orlando YañezNor Chejanovsky
Dec 26, 2015·Viruses·Sebastian Gisder, Elke Genersch
Dec 29, 2020·Journal of Invertebrate Pathology·Lewis J BartlettLena Wilfert
Mar 9, 2021·Archives of Virology·Marcos D SalinaFrancisco J Reynaldi
May 17, 2018·Current Opinion in Insect Science·Alexander J McMenamin, Michelle L Flenniken
Aug 29, 2021·Pathogens·Antonio NanettiGiovanni Cilia
Aug 28, 2021·Insects·Matthew Betti, Karalyne Shaw

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