Genome-wide analysis of NDR1/HIN1-like genes in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) and functional characterization of CaNHL4 under biotic and abiotic stresses.

Horticulture Research
Changyun LiuXianchao Sun

Abstract

Plant NDR1/HIN1-like (NHL) genes play an important role in triggering plant defenses in response to biotic stresses. In this study, we performed a genome-wide identification of the NHL genes in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) and characterized the functional roles of these CaNHL genes in response to abiotic stresses and infection by different pathogens. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that CaNHLs can be classified into five distinct subgroups, with each group containing generic and specific motifs. Regulatory element analysis showed that the majority of the promoter regions of the identified CaNHLs contain jasmonic acid (JA)-responsive and salicylic acid (SA)-responsive elements, and transcriptomic analysis revealed that CaNHL genes are expressed in all the examined tissues of pepper. The CaNHL1, CaNHL4, CaNHL6, CaNHL10, CaNHL11, and CaNHL12 genes were significantly upregulated under abiotic stress as well as in response to different pathogens, such as TMV, Phytophthora capsici and Pseudomonas syringae. In addition, we found that CaNHL4 localizes to the plasma membrane. CaNHL4-silenced pepper plants display significantly increased susceptibility to TMV, Phytophthora capsici and Pseudomonas syringae, exhibiting reduced expression of ...Continue Reading

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
transgenic
RNA-seq
PCR
confocal microscopy

Software Mentioned

SMART
MEGA
Primer
SPSS
BLAST
ProtParam
PlantCare
BLASTp
TBtools
MEME

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