Genomic and serologic characterization of enterovirus A71 brainstem encephalitis.

Neurology. Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation
Kristoffer Edgar LeonMichael R. Wilson

Abstract

In 2016, Catalonia experienced a pediatric brainstem encephalitis outbreak caused by enterovirus A71 (EV-A71). Conventional testing identified EV in the periphery but rarely in CSF. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) and CSF pan-viral serology (VirScan) were deployed to enhance viral detection and characterization. RNA was extracted from the CSF (n = 20), plasma (n = 9), stool (n = 15), and nasopharyngeal samples (n = 16) from 10 children with brainstem encephalitis and 10 children with meningitis or encephalitis. Pathogens were identified using mNGS. Available CSF from cases (n = 12) and pediatric other neurologic disease controls (n = 54) were analyzed with VirScan with a subset (n = 9 and n = 50) validated by ELISA. mNGS detected EV in all samples positive by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) (n = 25). In qRT-PCR-negative samples (n = 35), mNGS found virus in 23% (n = 8, 3 CSF samples). Overall, mNGS enhanced EV detection from 42% (25/60) to 57% (33/60) (p-value = 0.013). VirScan and ELISA increased detection to 92% (11/12) compared with 46% (4/12) for CSF mNGS and qRT-PCR (p-value = 0.023). Phylogenetic analysis confirmed the EV-A71 strain clustered with a neurovirulent German...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jan 12, 2021·Frontiers in Neurology·Mohammed A AldriweeshNaif Khalaf Alharbi
Nov 27, 2020·Recent Patents on Inflammation & Allergy Drug Discovery·Cheuk C AuAlcy R Torres
Nov 4, 2021·Scientific Reports·Fabiana GámbaroMaria Dolores Fernandez-Garcia

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Datasets Mentioned

BETA
MN515037
KX139462.1
AXK59213.1

Methods Mentioned

BETA
genotyping
PCR
phage
ELISA
bacteriophage display
ELISAs

Software Mentioned

mNGS
BLASTp
Geneious Tree Builder
Geneious
VirScan
MUSCLE
EV

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