Genomic basis of environmental adaptation in the leathery sea squirt (Styela clava).

Molecular Ecology Resources
Jiankai WeiBo Dong

Abstract

Tunicates occupy the evolutionary position at the boundary of invertebrates and vertebrates. It exhibits adaptation to broad environmental conditions and is distributed globally. Despite hundreds of years of embryogenesis studies, the genetic basis of the invasive habits of ascidians remains largely unknown. The leathery sea squirt, Styela clava, is an important invasive species. We used the chromosomal-level genome and transcriptome of S. clava to explore its genomic- and molecular-network-based mechanisms of adaptation to environments. Compared with Ciona intestinalis type A (C. robusta), the size of the S. clava genome was expanded by 2-fold, although the gene number was comparable. An increase in transposon number and variation in dominant types were identified as potential expansion mechanisms. In the S. clava genome, the number of genes encoding the heat-shock protein 70 family and members of the complement system was expanded significantly, and cold-shock protein genes were transferred horizontally into the S. clava genome from bacteria. The expanded gene families potentially play roles in the adaptation of S. clava to its environments. The loss of key genes in the galactan synthesis pathway might explain the distinct tu...Continue Reading

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Citations

Aug 7, 2021·International Journal of Biological Macromolecules·Fan JiangYongjun Lin

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
protein folding
HiC
PCR
Illumina sequencing
scanning electron microscopy
environmental stress
environmental stresses
GlycosylTransferase

Software Mentioned

RepeatModeler
Tracer
SPSS
jModelTest
SE
EnrichPipeline
CAFE
HISAT
Tophat
MUSCLE

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