Genomics of aging: Genes, adducts, and telomeres.

Journal of the American Association of Nurse Practitioners
Kenneth Wysocki, Diane Seibert

Abstract

Genomics influences the aging process in many different ways. This 10-part series of articles describes what is known about genetics and aging, including genes, adducts, and telomeres, decreased immune defenses, oxidation and inefficient mitochondria, toxins and radiation, glycosylation, caloric intake and sirtuin production, neurotransmitter imbalance, hormone mechanisms, reduced nitric oxide, and stem cell slowdown. This first article explores gene adducts as an epigenetic "sludge," the influence of telomeres and other mutations that contribute to DNA dysfunction, cell stress, and premature aging. Factors that contribute to adduct formation and reduced telomere length are presented along with some changes in behavior, environmental exposure, food/supplement use, weight, sleep, and exercise that have been found to reduce damage, potentially increasing longevity. Adherence to a Mediterranean diet that contains fruits and whole grains along with fiber, antioxidants (e.g., beta-carotene, vitamins C and E), omega-3 fatty acids, and soy protein may reduce DNA adducts and protect telomeres. So providers may want to recommend these simple but key clinical and individual changes to enhance DNA health, wellness, and longevity.

References

Jul 18, 2000·International Journal of Cancer. Journal International Du Cancer·D PalliM Peluso
Mar 13, 2009·The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition·Qun XuHonglei Chen
Nov 26, 2010·Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care·Masood A Shammas
Mar 16, 2016·Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental·Tania-Marisa Freitas-SimoesAleix Sala-Vila
Mar 20, 2016·Ageing Research Reviews·Junko OshimaRaymond J Monnat
Sep 7, 2016·Journal of Internal Medicine·A Wolk
Jan 31, 2020·Human Genetics·Joseph C ReynoldsChanghan Lee

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