Geographic determinants of reported human Campylobacter infections in Scotland.

BMC Public Health
Paul R BessellGiles T Innocent

Abstract

Campylobacteriosis is the leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in most developed countries. People are exposed to infection from contaminated food and environmental sources. However, the translation of these exposures into infection in the human population remains incompletely understood. This relationship is further complicated by differences in the presentation of cases, their investigation, identification, and reporting; thus, the actual differences in risk must be considered alongside the artefactual differences. Data on 33,967 confirmed Campylobacter infections in mainland Scotland between 2000 and 2006 (inclusive) that were spatially referenced to the postcode sector level were analysed. Risk factors including the Carstairs index of social deprivation, the easting and northing of the centroid of the postcode sector, measures of livestock density by species and population density were tested in univariate screening using a non-spatial generalised linear model. The NHS Health Board of the case was included as a random effect in this final model. Subsequently, a spatial generalised linear mixed model (GLMM) was constructed and age-stratified sensitivity analysis was conducted on this model. The spatial GLMM included th...Continue Reading

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Citations

Oct 19, 2013·American Journal of Public Health·Barbara Zappe PasturelAmy R Sapkota
Jun 26, 2014·Emerging Infectious Diseases·Kelley BemisJames L Hadler
Dec 29, 2015·International Journal of Epidemiology·Niklas W AnderssonPovl Munk-Jørgensen
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