Germ layer specification and axial patterning in the embryonic development of the freshwater planarian Schmidtea polychroa

Developmental Biology
José María Martín-DuránRafael Romero

Abstract

Although patterning during regeneration in adult planarians has been studied extensively, very little is known about how the initial planarian body plan arises during embryogenesis. Herein, we analyze the process of embryo patterning in the species Schmidtea polychroa by comparing the expression of genes involved in the establishment of the metazoan body plan. Planarians present a derived ectolecithic spiralian development characterized by dispersed cleavage within a yolk syncytium and an early transient embryo capable of feeding on the maternally supplied yolk cells. During this stage of development, we only found evidence of canonical Wnt pathway, mostly associated with the development of its transient pharynx. At these stages, genes involved in gastrulation (snail) and germ layer determination (foxA and twist) are specifically expressed in migrating blastomeres and those giving rise to the temporary gut and pharyngeal muscle. After yolk ingestion, the embryo expresses core components of the canonical Wnt pathway and the BMP pathway, suggesting that the definitive axial identities are established late. These data support the division of planarian development into two separate morphogenetic stages: a highly divergent gastrulat...Continue Reading

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Citations

Feb 14, 2012·Development Genes and Evolution·José María Martín-DuránRafael Romero
Mar 21, 2012·EvoDevo·José María Martín-Durán, Bernhard Egger
Dec 3, 2014·Developmental Biology·Francisco Monjo, Rafael Romero
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Jul 6, 2016·Current Opinion in Genetics & Development·Shu Jun Zhu, Bret J Pearson
Mar 11, 2011·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Manuel IrimiaJordi Garcia-Fernàndez
Feb 2, 2011·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Maria Almuedo-CastilloTeresa Adell
Jan 11, 2017·ELife·Erin L DaviesAlejandro Sánchez Alvarado
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Mar 19, 2016·Journal of Developmental Biology·Marco BaruccaMaria Assunta Biscotti
Apr 30, 2017·BMC Biology·Bruno C VellutiniAndreas Hejnol

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