GHB in postmortem toxicology. Discrimination between endogenous production from exposure using multiple specimens

Forensic Science International : Synergy
Pascal KintzBertrand Ludes

Abstract

Since gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) is present in both blood and urine of the general population as an endogenous compound, toxicologists must be able to discriminate between these endogenous levels and a concentration resulting from exogenous exposure. The implementation of a cut-off concentration must be done cautiously, due to the wide distribution of endogenous concentrations. To verify the accuracy of a proposed 50 mg/l postmortem blood cut-off, we tested 71 autopsy cases of subjects where the cause of death could exclude GHB exposure. The delay between death and autopsy ranged from 12 to 72 h. GHB was tested by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) after precipitation. Briefly, 20 microl of blood, bile, or vitreous humor was pipetted in a glass tube, followed by 20 microl of GHB-d6 and 45 microl of acetonitrile. After vortexing and centrifugation, the supernatant was collected and evaporated to dryness. The residue was derivatized with bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA) with 1% trimethylchlorosilane (TMCS) for 20 min at 70 degrees C. After injection on a 30 m HP5 MS capillary column, GHB (m/z 233, 204, and 147) and GHB-d6 (m/z 239) were identified by MS. GHB tested positive in all the 71 whole blood (cardi...Continue Reading

References

May 1, 1977·The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism·J TakaharaY Yamane
Apr 8, 1999·Anaesthesia·P C Kam, F F Yoong
Apr 12, 2001·Drug and Alcohol Dependence·K L Nicholson, R L Balster
Apr 13, 2001·Journal of Analytical Toxicology·S Elliot
Aug 14, 2001·Journal of Analytical Toxicology·L J MarinettiR L Commissaris
Aug 23, 2001·Science & Justice : Journal of the Forensic Science Society·D Wells
Jun 28, 2003·Journal of Chromatography. B, Analytical Technologies in the Biomedical and Life Sciences·Marion VillainPascal Kintz
Mar 26, 2004·Forensic Science International : Synergy·Simon ElliottAmanda Symonds

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Dec 3, 2008·International Journal of Legal Medicine·Fredrik C KugelbergAlan Wayne Jones
Jun 23, 2012·Journal of Analytical Toxicology·Vincent GrenierPascal Mireault
Feb 7, 2014·Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry·Ann-Sofie M E IngelsChristophe P Stove
Sep 14, 2014·Journal of Analytical Toxicology·Ann-Sophie Korb, Gail Cooper
Jul 4, 2012·Clinical Toxicology : the Official Journal of the American Academy of Clinical Toxicology and European Association of Poisons Centres and Clinical Toxicologists·Leo J SchepBruno Mégarbane
Jan 17, 2016·Forensic Science International : Synergy·F BévalotL Fanton
Oct 24, 2012·Forensic Science International : Synergy·Mariarosaria AromatarioCostantino Ciallella
Jan 23, 2016·Forensic Toxicology·Fabien BévalotJérôme Guitton
Sep 2, 2011·Forensic Science International : Synergy·S W ZörntleinR Urban
Sep 10, 2010·The American Journal of Emergency Medicine·Deborah L ZvosecJo Ellen Dyer
Dec 5, 2009·Sleep Medicine·Deborah L Zvosec, Stephen W Smith
Apr 1, 2009·Sleep Medicine·Neil T Feldman
Mar 6, 2009·Forensic Science International : Synergy·Riccardo RossiNadia Fucci
Nov 18, 2008·Pharmacology & Therapeutics·Lawrence P CarterCharles P France
Jul 31, 2007·Forensic Science International : Synergy·Miranda VerschraagenKlaas J Lusthof
Jul 31, 2007·Forensic Science International : Synergy·Aino KankaanpääKari Ariniemi
Nov 10, 2010·Biomedical Chromatography : BMC·Stacy D Brown, Tyler C Melton
Aug 13, 2010·Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica·K KnudsenJ Abrahamsson
Oct 24, 2009·Internal Medicine Journal·M C Kennedy
Jul 22, 2006·Forensic Science International : Synergy·Katerina BeránkováMarie Balíková
Aug 3, 2014·International Journal of Legal Medicine·Hilke Andresen-StreichertS Iwersen-Bergmann
Jul 14, 2016·Journal of Analytical Toxicology·Carole JameyJean-Sébastien Raul
Apr 21, 2017·Journal of Forensic Sciences·Erwan Le GarffValery Hédouin
Oct 12, 2018·Clinical Toxicology : the Official Journal of the American Academy of Clinical Toxicology and European Association of Poisons Centres and Clinical Toxicologists·Francesco Paolo Busardò, Alan Wayne Jones
Oct 12, 2018·Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology·Manuela Oliveira, António Amorim
Jul 28, 2011·Journal of Forensic Sciences·Rachel R Hughes, G Stewart Walker
Oct 11, 2019·International Journal of Legal Medicine·J KietzerowH Andresen-Streichert
Feb 19, 2020·Clinical Toxicology : the Official Journal of the American Academy of Clinical Toxicology and European Association of Poisons Centres and Clinical Toxicologists·Shane DarkeJulia Lappin
Feb 6, 2016·International Journal of Legal Medicine·André L CastroHelena M Teixeira
Mar 5, 2020·Journal of Analytical Toxicology·Fabio Vaiano, Federica Umani Ronchi
Oct 24, 2020·Forensic Science International : Synergy·Pouria JarsiahCornelius Hess
Jun 15, 2005·Analytical Chemistry·T A BrettellR Saferstein

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.