Ginkgo biloba Extract EGb 761 and Its Specific Components Elicit Protective Protein Clearance Through the Autophagy-Lysosomal Pathway in Tau-Transgenic Mice and Cultured Neurons

Journal of Alzheimer's Disease : JAD
Yiren QinYang Liu

Abstract

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease pathologically characterized by extracellular amyloid-β (Aβ) deposits and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) in many brain regions. NFT are primarily composed of hyperphosphorylated tau protein (p-Tau). Aβ and p-Tau are two major pathogenic molecules with tau acting downstream to Aβ to induce neuronal degeneration. In this study, we investigated whether Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761 reduces cerebral p-Tau level and prevents AD pathogenesis. Human P301S tau mutant-transgenic mice were fed with EGb 761, added to the regular diet for 2 or 5 months. We observed that treatment with EGb 761 for 5 months significantly improved the cognitive function of mice, attenuated the loss of synaptophysin and recovered the phosphorylation of CREB in the mouse brain. Treatment with EGb 761 for 5 but not 2 months also decreased p-Tau protein amount and shifted microglial pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammatory activation in the brain. As potential therapeutic mechanisms, we demonstrated that treatment with EGb 761, especially the components of ginkgolide A, bilobalide, and flavonoids, but not with purified ginkgolide B or C, increased autophagic activity and degradation of p-Tau in lys...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jan 24, 2020·Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience·Jun-Jun YinCun-Gen Ma
May 1, 2021·Pharmaceuticals·Carlo TominoPaolo Maria Rossini
May 10, 2021·Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy = Biomédecine & Pharmacothérapie·Prajakta A DhageShidin Balakrishnan

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
Protein Assay
dissector
PCR
confocal microscopy
transgenic

Software Mentioned

Ethovision
Image
SPSS
Pro PLUS

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